A Review of Cancer Immunotherapy Toxicity: Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors

Chhabra, Neeraj; Kennedy, Joseph M.

doi:10.1007/s13181-021-00833-8

Cited by 60 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 150 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Anti-PD-L1 mAbs are not yet so widely investigated as anti-PD-1 mAbs, but the skin toxicity seems comparable with rash and dry skin reported from available clinical trial data (Kazandjian et al, 2021;Ribrag et al, 2021). (Table 1) Grade 1 (affecting <10% of body surface area BSA) and grade 2 (10-30% BSA) dermatologic irAEs are typically managed with topical emollients, topical steroids and/or antihistamines, avoiding skin irritants or sun exposure and usually do not lead to ICI treatment discontinuation (Haanen et al, 2017;Chhabra and Kennedy, 2021). More severe cases are associated with affection of >30% BSA and cooperation with a dermatology specialist and punch biopsy is recommended.…”

Section: Skin Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 79%

“…Skin related toxicity was not very frequent (2-10%), but could be considered more severe, because one patient died of treatment-related grade 5 Stevens-Johnson syndrome (D'Souza et al, 2019;Mateos M. V. et al, 2019, Mateos et al, 2019. Interestingly, one myeloma patient developed vitiligo on ICI treatment, which is almost exclusively seen in melanomas (Badros et al, 2017;Ransohoff and Kwong, 2017;Chhabra and Kennedy, 2021).…”

Section: Skin Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Patients receiving ICI treatment relatively often experience irAEs affecting endocrine organs -mostly the thyroid gland, pituitary gland, adrenal glands and pancreas (Chang et al, 2019;Chhabra and Kennedy, 2021). Anti-CTLA-4 mAbs are connected with higher rates of hypophysitis, whereas PD-1 inhibitors more frequently induce hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism or thyroiditis.…”

Section: Endocrine Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Endocrine disorders during ICI therapy are usually mild to moderate (grade 1 and 2), but in a minority of cases, can be severe or life-threatening (Haanen et al, 2017;Chang et al, 2019;Chhabra and Kennedy, 2021). Thyroid-targeting irAEs are seen in up to 80% of cases caused by anti-thyroid antibodies.…”

Section: Endocrine Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The new anti-cancer strategy came with a new specific type of toxicity which is known as immune related adverse events (irAEs) (Haanen et al, 2017;Fan et al, 2021). The pathophysiological mechanism is not yet fully understood, but irAEs are considered to be T cell mediated and mark the reinvigorated immune system which may cause organ-specific inflammation, tissue damage and autoimmunity (Chhabra and Kennedy, 2021). Activation of the complement may also play a role in the process (Roth et al, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Toxicity of Immune-Checkpoint Inhibitors in Hematological Malignancies

Hradská

Jelı́nek

2021

Front. Pharmacol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), especially those targeting the programmed-death 1 (PD-1) receptor and its ligands, have become indispensable agents in solid tumor anti-cancer therapy. Concerning hematological malignancies, only nivolumab and pembrolizumab have been approved for the treatment of relapsed and refractory classical Hodgkin lymphoma and primary mediastinal large B cell lymphoma to date. Nevertheless, clinical research in this field is very active. The mechanism of action of ICIs is based on unblocking the hindered immune system to recognize and eliminate cancer cells, but that also has its costs in the form of ICI-specific immune related adverse events (irAEs), which can affect any organ system and can even be lethal. In this article, we have reviewed all prospective blood cancer clinical trials investigating ICIs (both monotherapy and combination therapy) with available toxicity data with the purpose of determining the incidence of irAEs in this specific setting and to offer a brief insight into their management, as the use of immune checkpoint blockade is not so frequent in hemato-oncology.

show abstract

Section: Skin Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 79%

Section: Skin Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Endocrine Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Endocrine Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Toxicity of Immune-Checkpoint Inhibitors in Hematological Malignancies

Hradská

Jelı́nek

2021

Front. Pharmacol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Advances in research on molecular markers in immune checkpoint inhibitor‐associated myocarditis

Shao,

Liu,

Wang

2023

Cancer Innovation

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) play a crucial role in the immunotherapy of malignant tumors, preventing immune evasion by tumor cells and activating autoimmune cells to eliminate the tumor. Despite their proven effectiveness in antitumor therapy, potential immune‐related adverse effects must be recognized, particularly ICI‐associated myocarditis (ICIAM). ICIAM is the most lethal form of organ immunotoxicity, with a significant impact on short‐term mortality. However, ICIAM is predominantly asymptomatic or mildly nonspecific. It is difficult to diagnose, especially due to the lack of unique molecular markers. This article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the progress made in identifying molecular markers for ICIAM.

show abstract

Improved cancer immunotherapy strategies by nanomedicine

Guo

Feng

et al. 2022

WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Cancer immunotherapy agents fight cancer via immune system stimulation and have made significant advances in minimizing side effects and prolonging the survival of patients with solid tumors. However, major limitations still exist in cancer immunotherapy, including the inefficiency of immune response stimulation in specific cancer types, therapy resistance caused by the tumor microenvironment (TME), toxicities by the immune imbalance, and short lifetime of stimulator of interferon genes (STING) agonist. Recent advances in nanomedicine have shown significant potential in overcoming the obstacles of cancer immunotherapy. Several nanoscale agents have been reported for cancer immunotherapy, including nanoscale cancer vaccines impacting the STING pathway, nanomaterials reprogramming TME, nano-agents triggering immune response with immune checkpoint inhibitor synergy, ferroptosis-mediated and

show abstract

A Review of Cancer Immunotherapy Toxicity: Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors

Cited by 60 publications

References 150 publications

Toxicity of Immune-Checkpoint Inhibitors in Hematological Malignancies

Toxicity of Immune-Checkpoint Inhibitors in Hematological Malignancies

Advances in research on molecular markers in immune checkpoint inhibitor‐associated myocarditis

Improved cancer immunotherapy strategies by nanomedicine

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About