A review of cancer immunotherapy toxicity

Kennedy, Lucy Boyce; Salama, April K.S.

doi:10.3322/caac.21596

Cited by 808 publications

(571 citation statements)

References 128 publications

(487 reference statements)

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“…ARDS induced by cytokine storm is reported to be the main reason for death of SARS-COV-2-infected patients (18). It is possible that in this setting, immunotherapy induces the release of a large amount of cytokines, which can be toxic to normal cells, including lung epithelial cells (19)(20)(21), and therefore lead to a more severe illness. However, in this study the number of patients with immunotherapy was too small; further research with a large case population needs to be conducted in the future.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patients with Cancer Appear More Vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2: A Multicenter Study during the COVID-19 Outbreak

et al. 2020

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The novel COVID-19 outbreak has affected more than 200 countries and territories as of March 2020. Given that patients with cancer are generally more vulnerable to infections, systematic analysis of diverse cohorts of patients with cancer affected by COVID-19 is needed. We performed a multicenter study including 105 patients with cancer and 536 age-matched noncancer patients confirmed with COVID-19. Our results showed COVID-19 patients with cancer had higher risks in all severe outcomes. Patients with hematologic cancer, lung cancer, or with metastatic cancer (stage IV) had the highest frequency of severe events. Patients with nonmetastatic cancer experienced similar frequencies of severe conditions to those observed in patients without cancer. Patients who received surgery had higher risks of having severe events, whereas patients who underwent only radiotherapy did not demonstrate significant differences in severe events when compared with patients without cancer. These findings indicate that patients with cancer appear more vulnerable to SARS-COV-2 outbreak.SIgnIfICAnCe: Because this is the first large cohort study on this topic, our report will provide muchneeded information that will benefit patients with cancer globally. As such, we believe it is extremely important that our study be disseminated widely to alert clinicians and patients.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patients with Cancer Appear More Vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2: A Multicenter Study during the COVID-19 Outbreak

et al. 2020

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“…Immune‐related colitis is being recognized as one of the most common adverse events, with severity ranging from mild to life‐threatening. The main clinical abnormalities observed are nonspecific, including anemia, increased serum C‐reactive protein, and low serum albumin levels.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Monoclonal antibodies targeting immune checkpoint proteins or immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have become a new standard of care for diverse cancers . Although immune‐related adverse events (irAEs) are mostly well tolerated, in some cases, they may be severe and even life‐threatening.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Opportunistic bowel infection after corticosteroid dosage tapering in a stage IV lung cancer patient with tislelizumab‐related colitis

Zhang

2020

Thoracic Cancer

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Immune checkpoint inhibitors, the new standard in cancer therapy, present durable responses in numerous solid tumors and hematologic malignancies, as well as resulting in an increased incidence of immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Diarrhea is a common irAE, with an incidence rate of approximately 10% to 13%. It is important to distinguish between diarrhea symptomatic of an infection, which is the main differential diagnosis, and immune-related diarrhea. Here, we report a case of an advanced lung cancer patient who presented with diarrhea as a result of treatment with tislelizumab, a novel PD-1 inhibitor. Although the patient initially responded to corticosteroid treatment, diarrhea recurred upon dosage tapering, and eventually improved on treatment with ganciclovir and vancomycin. Therefore, clinicians must remain highly vigilant against infection and carefully distinguish symptoms of infection from irAEs by performing repeated blood or fecal examinations for pathogens, colonoscopy, and biopsy.

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“…Those results were consistent with the blood routine and flow cytometry results. more focused therapeutic approach [21][22][23] . In this research, tumor-bearing mice models were used to extrapolate advanced tumor patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells was reprogrammed in advanced tumor-bearing mice

Du¹,

Xia²,

Gao³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Hematopoiesis and the differentiation of HSCs have been proved to not only play important roles in cancer progression but also be changed or reprogrammed by the tumor microenvironment itself. In this study, we investigated the changes of HSCs differentiation in advanced tumor-bearing mice. Methods:The tumor-bearing mice model was established by subcutaneously inoculating with xenografts of B16-F10 mouse melanoma cells into the right back of male wild-type C57BL/6 mice. Hematopoietic stem cells and multilineage differentiation were evaluated using blood routine, HE-staining, flow cytometry assay and HSCs culture techniques. Results: The multilineage differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells was reprogrammed in vivo. Especially, the differentiations of megakaryocyte and erythrocyte were blocked, while myeloid cell and lymphoid cell differentiation was encouraged in advanced tumor-bearing mice. Conclusion: In this study we showed the potential mechanism of hematopoietic disorder in tumor condition from a respective of hematopoietic stem cell and multilineage differentiation, which provided new knowledge regarding cachexia.

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A review of cancer immunotherapy toxicity

Cited by 808 publications

References 128 publications

Patients with Cancer Appear More Vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2: A Multicenter Study during the COVID-19 Outbreak

Patients with Cancer Appear More Vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2: A Multicenter Study during the COVID-19 Outbreak

Opportunistic bowel infection after corticosteroid dosage tapering in a stage IV lung cancer patient with tislelizumab‐related colitis

The differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells was reprogrammed in advanced tumor-bearing mice

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