A Review of Breakage Behavior in Fine Grinding by Stirred-Media Milling

Abstract

Abstract

Micronizing ceramic pigments for inkjet printing: Part I. Grindability and particle size distribution

“…The particle size reduction was less pronounced in the case of spinel, which reached its critical point at 0.6 to 0.9 μm, after much the same milling times as rutile. The critical sizes observed are coarser than the typical grinding limit for stirred-media milling, which is 0.03-0.05 μm [19].…”

“…What significantly changes is the critical particle size that -leaving all other variables constant -becomes smaller for higher turning speeds (and the same number of rounds) and when a dispersant is used (at the same rotation speed). These results were fairly predictable, since milling energy does not increase linearly with turning speed and the dispersant improves the efficiency of the process by reducing the ink's viscosity [18,19,22]. Going into more detail, there was a different evolution in terms of particle size selection, φ, expressed here as φ= 1/[log 10 (d 90 ) À log 10 (d 10 )], for the pigments investigated: high φ values coincided with narrow (i.e., well selected) size distributions, and vice versa (Fig.…”

“…1C), probably due to agglomeration phenomena occurring simultaneously with the particles comminution [10,17,18,22]. Milling curves for all the pigments exhibit a rapid drop in median particle diameter until a critical dimension is reached, probably relating to the size of the grinding media [8,19,36]. Any further particle size reduction occurs only very slowly, and this change of rate is apparent as a marked change of slope on the curve (Fig.…”

“…There is a large body of literature on mechanochemical synthesis/alloying by means of high-energy ball milling, including some extensive reviews [18,19]. Most papers deal with metals and alloys, however, while our knowledge of how oxides behave is less substantial [20,21].…”

On-line determination of particle size during fine grinding based on luminescence properties of solids

“…For example, in tumbling media mills, this fraction is said to be around 1% (Hogg and Gho, 2000). About 70% of the energy input is wasted as heat and the other 30% of the energy is accumulated in the defects (Avvakumov, 1986).…”