A Review of Bioactive Compounds against Porcine Enteric Coronaviruses

Duan, Cong; Luo, Yi; Liang, Xianming; Wang, Xia

doi:10.3390/v14102217

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 98 publications

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“…Notably, the sensitivity (94.4%) and specificity (92.6%) of the COE-iELISA are significantly higher than that of the indirect ELISA established by Liu et al (sensitivity and specificity of 92.6 and 90.1%) [40]. With the continuous development of vaccines in recent years, the prevalence of TGEV and its variant PRCV in diarrhea pigs in China is very low [41], and the detection rate in clinical samples is approximately <3% [42], making it less easy to obtain positive serum samples. A previous study tested a total of 2987 clinical samples from five provinces in southern China from 2012 to 2018, and the results indicated that the rate of mono-infection of TGEV in samples tested was just 0.33% (10/2987) [43].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Development of an Indirect Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Based on the Yeast-Expressed CO-26K-Equivalent Epitope-Containing Antigen for Detection of Serum Antibodies against Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus

Yang

et al. 2023

Viruses

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Porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) is a severe contagious intestinal disease caused by the porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), which leads to high mortality in piglets. In this study, by analyzing a total of 53 full-length spike genes and COE domain regions of PEDVs, the conserved COE fragment of the spike protein from the dominant strain SC1402 was chosen as the target protein and expressed successfully in Pichia pastoris (P. pastoris). Furthermore, an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA) based on the recombinant COE protein was developed for the detection of anti-PEDV antibodies in pig sera. The results showed that under the optimized conditions, the cut-off value of COE-based indirect ELISA (COE-iELISA) was determined to be 0.12. Taking the serum neutralization test as standard, the relative sensitivity of the COE-iELISA was 94.4% and specificity 92.6%. Meanwhile, no cross-reactivity to other porcine pathogens was noted with this assay. The intra-assay and inter-assay coefficients of variation were less than 7%. Moreover, 164 vaccinated serum samples test showed that overall agreement between COE-iELISA and the actual diagnosis result was up to 99.4%. More importantly, the developed iELISA exhibited a 95.08% agreement rate with the commercial ELISA kit (Kappa value = 0.88), which suggested that the expressed COE protein was an effective antigen in serologic tests and the established COE-iELISA is reliable for monitoring PEDV infection in pigs or vaccine effectiveness.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Development of an Indirect Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Based on the Yeast-Expressed CO-26K-Equivalent Epitope-Containing Antigen for Detection of Serum Antibodies against Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus

Yang

et al. 2023

Viruses

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“…Natural plant products have received increasing attention due to their wide sources, numerous types, and low drug resistance. Among them, several antiviral agents against TGEV have been identified [20]. Curcumin, turmeric’s primary polyphenolic compound, inhibits TGEV adsorption and also has a direct virucidal effect on TGEV [21].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phloretin inhibits transmissible gastroenteritis virus proliferation via multiple mechanisms

Duan,

Li,

Huang

et al. 2024

Journal of General Virology

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Transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV), an enteropathogenic coronavirus, has caused huge economic losses to the pig industry, with 100% mortality in piglets aged 2 weeks and intestinal injury in pigs of other ages. However, there is still a shortage of safe and effective anti-TGEV drugs in clinics. In this study, phloretin, a naturally occurring dihydrochalcone glycoside, was identified as a potent antagonist of TGEV. Specifically, we found phloretin effectively inhibited TGEV proliferation in PK-15 cells, dose-dependently reducing the expression of TGEV N protein, mRNA, and virus titer. The anti-TGEV activity of phloretin was furthermore refined to target the internalization and replication stages. Moreover, we also found that phloretin could decrease the expression levels of proinflammatory cytokines induced by TGEV infection. In addition, we expanded the potential key targets associated with the anti-TGEV effect of phloretin to AR, CDK2, INS, ESR1, ESR2, EGFR, PGR, PPARG, PRKACA, and MAPK14 with the help of network pharmacology and molecular docking techniques. Furthermore, resistant viruses have been selected by culturing TGEV with increasing concentrations of phloretin. Resistance mutations were reproducibly mapped to the residue (S242) of main protease (Mpro). Molecular docking analysis showed that the mutation (S242F) significantly disrupted phloretin binding to Mpro, suggesting Mpro might be a potent target of phloretin. In summary, our findings indicate that phloretin is a promising drug candidate for combating TGEV, which may be helpful for developing pharmacotherapies for TGEV and other coronavirus infections.

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“…Porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) is a highly contagious acute intestinal disease caused by porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) [ 1 2 ]. The disease has a rapid onset and is accompanied by clinical symptoms such as severe diarrhea, vomiting, and dehydration [ 3 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, it is necessary to find new strategies to compensate for vaccines while continuing to develop vaccines based on prevalent strains of PEDV. Researchers have widely emphasized the study of anti-PEDV drugs, and a variety of drugs or natural products with anti-PEDV activity have been screened [ 1 ]. Drugs that have been reported to have anti-PEDV effects are dominated by natural products of plant origin.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Licorice extract inhibits porcine epidemic diarrhea virus in vitro and in vivo

Bai,

Zhu,

Wang

et al. 2024

Journal of General Virology

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Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) causes severe diarrhea and even death in piglets, resulting in significant economic losses to the pig industry. Because of the ongoing mutation of PEDV, there might be variations between the vaccine strain and the prevailing strain, causing the vaccine to not offer full protection against different PEDV variant strains. Therefore, it is necessary to develop anti-PEDV drugs to compensate for vaccines. This study confirmed the anti-PEDV effect of licorice extract (Le) in vitro and in vivo. Le inhibited PEDV replication in a dose-dependent manner in vitro. By exploring the effect of Le on the life cycle of PEDV, we found that Le inhibited the attachment, internalization, and replication stages of the virus. In vivo, all five piglets in the PEDV-infected group died within 72 h. In comparison, the Le-treated group had a survival rate of 80 % at the same time, with significant relief of clinical symptoms, pathological damage, and viral loads in the jejunum and ileum. Our results suggested that Le can exert anti-PEDV effects in vitro and in vivo. Le is effective and inexpensive; therefore it has the potential to be developed as a new anti-PEDV drug.

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A Review of Bioactive Compounds against Porcine Enteric Coronaviruses

Cited by 9 publications

References 98 publications

Development of an Indirect Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Based on the Yeast-Expressed CO-26K-Equivalent Epitope-Containing Antigen for Detection of Serum Antibodies against Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus

Development of an Indirect Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Based on the Yeast-Expressed CO-26K-Equivalent Epitope-Containing Antigen for Detection of Serum Antibodies against Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus

Phloretin inhibits transmissible gastroenteritis virus proliferation via multiple mechanisms

Licorice extract inhibits porcine epidemic diarrhea virus in vitro and in vivo

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