A review of bioactive compounds from marine organisms with special mention on the potential of marine sponges in pharmacological applications

Abstract

A variety of biologically active compounds with unique structures and pharmacological properties have been reported to occur in marine organisms. Demospongiae, an important class of marine sponge is known for producing the largest number and diversity of secondary metabolites isolated till recent times. The review covers the diverse class of bioactive compounds isolated for therapeutic drug applications from different marine organisms. It is an attempt to update the marine research community with results of our ongoing search for bioactive secondary metabolites from marine sponge Spongosorites halichondriodes which has exhibited antibacterial, antifungal, cytotoxic, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activity in our studies. Spongosorites halichondriodes (order Halichondrida, family Halichondriidae) is a predominant marine sponge collected from west coast of Mumbai, India. The sponge S. halichondriodes has shown presence of Octadecadienoic acid (Linoleic acid), ergostan tetraen-ol, dihydroxy cholanoic-methyl esters,C 28 saturated and unsaturated esters like 3β, 4β, 7α, 12α-tetrahydroxy-5β-cholan-24-oic acid methyl ester, 7α, 12β-dihydroxy-5β-cholan24-oic acid methyl ester, novel isocoumarin citrinolactone A, a triterpenoid glycyrrhetinic acid as well as other unknown compounds such as nucleoside inosine.

Seasonal Variation in Antimicrobial Activity of Crude Extracts of Psammaplysilla sp. 1 from Phillips Reef, South Africa

“…The compounds found in the sponge crude extract were like those reported to be found in plant extracts. Kumar and Pal [ 46 ] made a similar observation when they found that D-phytosphingosine, a corresponding 4-hydroxy analog of D-sphinganine, is a significant sphinganoid base found in both higher plants and many invertebrates.…”

Antimicrobial properties of chitosan extracted from freshwater shrimp (Astacus leptodactylus) caught from Aras Lake

“…Extraction of beneficial compounds from these wastes and using them in animal diets as an additive or supplement has been reported in previous studies (Kumar & Pal, 2016;Flick, 1994). It has also been reported that king shrimp's shell has significant amounts of Astaxanthin pigment, flavoring compounds, chitin, etc.…”

“…Surely, high value-added compounds and products can be extracted from these wastes if they were properly processed. (Kumar & Pal, 2016).…”

“…It has also been reported that king shrimp's shell has significant amounts of Astaxanthin pigment, flavoring compounds, chitin, etc. (Escobar, Wells & Waikar, 1991;Meyers & Lee, 1989;Kumar & Pal, 2016). Chitin is a Mucopolysaccharid and has a structural role, which is found in abundance in the external skeleton of arthropods such as shrimp, crab and in insects as well as Cryptogamae.…”

Antibacterial Activity of Indonesian Sponge Associated Fungi Against Clinical Pathogenic Multidrug Resistant Bacteria

“…Among all marine organisms, sponge is the most studied as source of bioactive compounds (Mehbub et al, 2014;Kumar and Pal, 2016). Beesoo et al (2017) reported extract from Neopetrosia exigua contained beta-sitosterol and cholesterol.…”