A Review of Antiplatelet Activity of Traditional Medicinal Herbs on Integrative Medicine Studies

Abstract

Thrombotic events mainly occurred by platelet activation and aggregation. The vascular occlusion causes serious disease states such as unstable angina, ischemic stroke, and heart attack. Due to the pervading of thrombotic diseases, new antiplatelet drugs are necessary for preventing and treating arterial thrombosis without adverse side effects. Traditional medicinal herbs have been used for the treatment of human ailments for a long time. The clinically useful and safe products from traditional medicinal herbs were identified and developed in numerous pharmacological approaches. A complementary system of traditional medicinal herbs is a good candidate for pharmacotherapy. However, it still has a limitation in its function and efficacy. Thus, it is necessary to study the mode of action of traditional medicinal herbs as alternative therapeutic agents. In this review, we focused on our current understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of traditional medicinal herbs in antiplatelet activity and antithrombotic effect of traditional medicinal herbs on platelet function.

Drying Effects on Phenolics and Free Radical-Scavenging Capacity of Rhus pachyrrhachis and Rhus virens Used in Traditional Medicine

“…The identification of phenolic compounds and the detected activities in this work coincide, in most cases, with those reported for other Rhus species [17,46,47], many of which are related to medicinal or nutritional uses. Among the main components of phenolic nature, phenolic acids and some of their derivatives stand out.…”

The Genus Curcuma and Inflammation: Overview of the Pharmacological Perspectives

“…The methanol extract of the rhizome of C. xanthorrhiza and its active constituent germacrone ( Figure 1 ) have demonstrated anti-inflammatory effects [ 52 ]. In high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice, the anti-inflammatory action of xanthorrhizol (XAN) and a C. xanthorrhiza extract (CXE) was investigated in a study with standardized XAN on inflammatory markers, where XAN and CXE significantly inhibited the production of inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, and C-reactive protein (CRP) in adipose tissue, liver, and muscle [ 53 ].…”

“…The extracts of the C. zedoaria rhizome have been reported to inhibit carrageenan-induced pro-inflammatory responses and suppress the acute inflammatory response induced by tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) in rat and mouse ears [ 43 , 44 ]. Furthermore, the isolated compound germacrone from the methanol extract of C. xanthorrhiza rhizome demonstrated the inhibition of paw edema [ 52 ], whereas the non-phenolic diarylheptanoids displayed the significant inhibition of carrageenan-induced hind paw edema in rats [ 54 , 55 ].…”

Saponins as Modulators of the Blood Coagulation System and Perspectives Regarding Their Use in the Prevention of Venous Thromboembolic Incidents

“…For example, some saponins have an effect on the coagulation cascade, including prothrombin and other coagulation factors [18,23]. Some studies report the pharmacological properties of single and specific saponins with antithrombotic, anti-platelet aggregation and anticoagulation effects [20][21][22][23]. Table 1 summarizes the results of recent in vitro and in vivo studies, based on various models, on the antiplatelet and antithrombotic activity of individual saponins.…”

“…For example, some saponins have an effect on the coagulation cascade, including prothrombin and other coagulation factors [18,23]. Inhibitory effects on ADPinduced platelet aggregation; delayed thromboplastin time [20] (3) D39 (0.01-1 µM)…”