A review of anthropogenic sources of nitrogen and their effects on Canadian aquatic ecosystems

Schindler, D. W.; Dillon, Peter J.; Schreier, Hans

doi:10.1007/s10533-006-9001-2

Cited by 68 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Increased atmospheric nitrogen deposition has been proposed as a possible alternative or synergistic explanation to climate change for recent diatom shifts observed in remote lakes [16,49]. Nitrogen deposition rates for regions north of 608 N latitude are poorly known [50] and direct measurements for the HBL do not exist.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, streams and rivers draining into Hudson Bay north of 528 N latitude are estimated to have among the world's lowest fluxes of total nitrogen [52] and low total inorganic nitrogen [50]. It is also well understood that the delivery of atmospheric nitrogen to lakes will, in part, be moderated by watershed characteristics.…”

Section: Rspbroyalsocietypublishingorg Proc R Soc B 280: 20131887mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Global warming triggers the loss of a key Arctic refugium

Rühland

Paterson²,

Keller

et al. 2013

Proc. R. Soc. B.

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We document the rapid transformation of one of the Earth's last remaining Arctic refugia, a change that is being driven by global warming. In stark contrast to the amplified warming observed throughout much of the Arctic, the Hudson Bay Lowlands (HBL) of subarctic Canada has maintained cool temperatures, largely due to the counteracting effects of persistent sea ice. However, since the mid-1990s, climate of the HBL has passed a tipping point, the pace and magnitude of which is exceptional even by Arctic standards, exceeding the range of regional long-term variability. Using high-resolution, palaeolimnological records of algal remains in dated lake sediment cores, we report that, within this short period of intense warming, striking biological changes have occurred in the region's freshwater ecosystems. The delayed and intense warming in this remote region provides a natural observatory for testing ecosystem resilience under a rapidly changing climate, in the absence of direct anthropogenic influences. The environmental repercussions of this climate change are of global significance, influencing the huge store of carbon in the region's extensive peatlands, the world's southern-most polar bear population that depends upon Hudson Bay sea ice and permafrost for survival, and native communities who rely on this landscape for sustenance.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Rspbroyalsocietypublishingorg Proc R Soc B 280: 20131887mentioning

confidence: 99%

Global warming triggers the loss of a key Arctic refugium

Rühland

Paterson²,

Keller

et al. 2013

Proc. R. Soc. B.

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“…Foreign anthropogenic contributions are generally less than 10 % but can rise up to 30 % near the Canadian and Mexican borders. The rising NO x and NH 3 emissions from oil production and agriculture in western Canada (Schindler et al, 2006) could significantly affect Montana and North Dakota. Natural source contributions are less than 10 % in the eastern US and the West Coast, and about 20-30 % in the intermountain West, with maximum contributions of 40 % over the southwest US due to lightning emissions and over Idaho due to wildfires.…”

Section: Nitrogen Deposition Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrogen deposition to the United States: distribution, sources, and processes

et al. 2012

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Abstract. We simulate nitrogen deposition over the US in 2006-2008 by using the GEOS-Chem global chemical transport model at 1/2 • ×2/3 • horizontal resolution over North America and adjacent oceans. US emissions of NO x and NH 3 in the model are 6.7 and 2.9 Tg N a −1 respectively, including a 20 % natural contribution for each. Ammonia emissions are a factor of 3 lower in winter than summer, providing a good match to US network observations of NH x (≡NH 3 gas + ammonium aerosol) and ammonium wet deposition fluxes. Model comparisons to observed deposition fluxes and surface air concentrations of oxidized nitrogen species (NO y ) show overall good agreement but excessive wintertime HNO 3 production over the US Midwest and Northeast. This suggests a model overestimate N 2 O 5 hydrolysis in aerosols, and a possible factor is inhibition by aerosol nitrate. Model results indicate a total nitrogen deposition flux of 6.5 Tg N a −1 over the contiguous US, including 4.2 as NO y and 2.3 as NH x . Domestic anthropogenic, foreign anthropogenic, and natural sources contribute respectively 78 %, 6 %, and 16 % of total nitrogen deposition over the contiguous US in the model. The domestic anthropogenic contribution generally exceeds 70 % in the east and in populated areas of the west, and is typically 50-70 % in remote areas of the west. Total nitrogen deposition in the model exceeds 10 kg N ha −1 a −1 over 35 % of the contiguous US.

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“…A possible reason is the different quality of water bodies in different landscapes. Lakes in agricultural landscapes tend to be more eutrophic, as intensive agriculture is usually the primary source of nutrients in surface waters (Mehner et al 2005;Ekholm and Mitikka 2006;Schindler et al 2006). The higher productivity in eutrophic lakes has been related to the population increase of several waterfowl species (Suter 1995;Fernandez et al 2005).…”

Section: Shifting Distribution Of the Expanding Populationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution pattern of an expanding Osprey (Pandion haliaetus) population in a changing environment

Bai

Schmidt²,

Gottschalk

et al. 2008

J Ornithol

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We studied the nest site selection and distribution pattern at landscape level of the German Osprey population, and demonstrated how to test the predictions of the ideal free distribution theory and its derivatives on such an expanding population. Information about the location and breeding success of each Osprey nest site between 1995 and 2005 was collected through a longterm monitoring programme. Data of land cover types were acquired from the administrations of each federal state and the CORINE Land Cover database. The results showed that Ospreys preferred landscapes with more water bodies and forests. Such sites were also occupied earlier and had higher local population density. However, in the study period of 11 years, there was a gradual shift from forest-dominated landscapes to agricultural landdominated landscapes. The breeding success increased over time, with no difference in the breeding success between pairs nesting on trees and poles, whereas there was higher breeding success at nest sites surrounded by more agricultural land and less forest. The more efficient foraging in eutrophic lakes in agricultural landscapes was the most likely cause for the higher breeding success. The distribution pattern of the Ospreys did not match the resource allocation, which deviated from the models tested. We suggested that the proximate cues used for nest site selection mismatched site quality due to anthropogenic environmental changes.

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A review of anthropogenic sources of nitrogen and their effects on Canadian aquatic ecosystems

Cited by 68 publications

References 39 publications

Global warming triggers the loss of a key Arctic refugium

Global warming triggers the loss of a key Arctic refugium

Nitrogen deposition to the United States: distribution, sources, and processes

Distribution pattern of an expanding Osprey (Pandion haliaetus) population in a changing environment

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