A review of allochthonous salt tectonics in the Flinders and Willouran ranges, South Australia

Rowan, Mark G.; Hearon, Thomas E.; Kernen, Rachelle; Giles, Katherine A.; Dalton, C. Evelyn Gannaway; Williams, Nicholas J.; Fiduk, J. Carl; Lawton, Timothy F.; Hannah, P. T.; Fischer, Mark P.

doi:10.1080/08120099.2018.1553063

Cited by 17 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Although it might be thought that stronger, denser intrasalt layers are left behind as the more ductile halite and bittern salts flow laterally in the salt sheet, that is demonstrably not the case. Salt sheets in South Australia contain abundant stringers of carbonates, siliciclastics, and igneous rocks that can be more than 2 km long and hundreds of meters in thickness (see maps in Rowan et al, 2019).…”

Section: Passive Diapirsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Deformation of intrasalt competent layers in different modes of salt tectonics

Rowan

Urai

Fiduk³

et al. 2019

Solid Earth

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Abstract. Layered evaporite sequences (LESs) comprise interbedded weak layers (halite and, commonly, bittern salts) and strong layers (anhydrite and usually non-evaporite rocks such as carbonates and siliciclastics). This results in a strong rheological stratification, with a range of effective viscosity up to a factor of 105. We focus here on the deformation of competent intrasalt beds in different endmember modes of salt tectonics, even though combinations are common in nature, using a combination of conceptual, numerical, and analog models, and seismic data. In bedding-parallel extension, boudinage of the strong layers forms ruptured stringers, within a halite matrix, that become more isolated with increasing strain. In bedding-parallel shortening, competent layers tend to maintain coherency while forming harmonic, disharmonic, and polyharmonic folds, with the rheological stratification leading to buckling and fold growth by bedding-parallel shear. In differential loading, extension and the resultant stringers dominate beneath suprasalt depocenters, while folded competent beds characterize salt pillows. Finally, in passive diapirs, stringers generated by intrasalt extension are rotated to near vertical and encased in complex folds during upward flow of salt. In all cases, strong layers are progressively removed from areas of salt thinning and increasingly disrupted and folded in areas of salt growth as deformation intensifies. The varying styles of intrasalt deformation impact seismic imaging of LES and associated interpretations. Ruptured stringers are often visible where they have low dips, as in slightly extended salt layers or beneath depocenters, but are poorly imaged in passive diapirs due to steep dips. In contrast, areas of slightly to moderately shortened salt typically have well-imaged, mostly continuous intrasalt reflectors, although seismic coherency decreases as deformation intensifies. Similarly, wells are most likely to penetrate strong layers in contractional structures and salt pillows, less likely in extended salt because they might drill between stringers, and unlikely in tall passive diapirs because the stringers are near vertical. Thus, both seismic and well data may be interpreted to suggest that diapirs and other areas of more intense intrasalt deformation are more halite rich than is actually the case.

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Section: Passive Diapirsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The South Atlantic ( Fig. 1a) and Gulf of Mexico LES comprise almost exclusively evaporites (e.g., Salvador, 1991;Davison, 2007;Gamboa et al, 2008). Existing data show that any non-evaporite interbeds are rare and confined to the proximal and/or lateral edges of the salt basins.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deformation of intrasalt competent layers in different modes of salt tectonics

Rowan

Urai

Fiduk³

et al. 2019

Solid Earth

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“…After a while, the interaction between salt diapir and salt sheets has been studied by several works in a large proportion of salt provinces: Australia (e.g. Hearon et al, 2015;Rowan et al, 2019), Iran (e.g. Heydarzadeh et al, 2020), Turkey (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interconnection salt diapir–allochthonous salt sheet in northern Tunisia: The Lansarine–Baoula case study

Amri

Naji

Masrouhi

et al. 2020

Journal of African Earth Sciences

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This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the addition of a cover page and metadata, and formatting for readability, but it is not yet the definitive version of record. This version will undergo additional copyediting, typesetting and review before it is published in its final form, but we are providing this version to give early visibility of the article. Please note that, during the production process, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.

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“…The Patawarta Diapir is roughly 4km 2 and is interpreted as an allochthonous salt body or a sheet-like salt body emplaced at stratigraphic levels above the autochthonous (LES) source layer (Jackson & Talbot, 1991;Rowan & Vendeville, 2006;Kernen et al, 2012;Hearon et al, 2015a;Rowan et al, 2019). Patawarta Diapir itself contains abundant inclusions of sedimentary units up to several kilometers wide (Appendix Figs.…”

Section: Previous Work Patawarta Diapirmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lithostratigraphy and chemostratigraphy of salt diapir sedimentary inclusions: unravelling Ediacaran salt–sediment interaction in the Flinders Ranges

Kernen¹,

Lehrmann²,

Poe³

2022

Preprint

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Patawarta Diapir, located in the Central Flinders Ranges, South Australia, has been interpreted as a single allochthonous salt sheet containing Tonian-aged igneous and layered evaporite sedimentary intrasalt inclusions derived from the Callanna Group. Using detailed field mapping, petrographic analysis, and lithostratigraphic correlation within Patawarta Diapir, five primarily silty limestone inclusions are re-interpreted as Ediacaran-aged Wonoka Formation and Patsy Hill member of the Bonney Sandstone (Wilpena Group). The Ediacaran-aged inclusions are concentrated on the diapir's south side where they are juxtaposed against 300-million-year older Tonian-aged Curdimurka Subgroup (Callanna Group) inclusion. The Ediacaran-aged silty carbonate inclusions in the Patawarta Diapir are interpreted to represent a suprasalt condensed section forming a carapace composed of Wonoka Formation and lower beds of the Patsy Hill member (Bonney Sandstone). Based on this geometric configuration, the Patawarta Diapir is composed of two separate evaporite bodies that encase the suprasalt carapace at an allosuture zone. The encasement process was likely driven by a combination of factors including regional shortening during the Delamerian Orogeny, high sedimentation rates forming local depocenters, and down-dip gravity sliding on the low-angle regional shelf. By using modern concepts in salt tectonics, this study represents the first documented example of a diagenetically altered Ediacaran Shuram Excursion due to the stratigraphy being encased in a diapir in the Flinders Ranges, South Australia.

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A review of allochthonous salt tectonics in the Flinders and Willouran ranges, South Australia

Cited by 17 publications

References 34 publications

Deformation of intrasalt competent layers in different modes of salt tectonics

Deformation of intrasalt competent layers in different modes of salt tectonics

Interconnection salt diapir–allochthonous salt sheet in northern Tunisia: The Lansarine–Baoula case study

Lithostratigraphy and chemostratigraphy of salt diapir sedimentary inclusions: unravelling Ediacaran salt–sediment interaction in the Flinders Ranges

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