A review of alligator and snake skin morphology and histotechnical preparations

Dubanský, B; Close, Matthew

doi:10.1080/01478885.2018.1517856

Cited by 12 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…2c) suggesting that cornification happened on a collagen matrix, the cellular mechanism of crocodilian scale growth was previously proposed by Alibardi [18] . Our investigation of layers present in crocodilian skin agrees with structures previously reported by Dubansky and Close on alligator skin [11] . However, our analysis is mainly based on SEM observation rather than histological techniques providing a high-resolution images, thus giving many more details and totally different perspective on the tissue's morphology.…”

Section: Morphology Investigation Of Skin and Teethsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Crocodile epidermis (Figs. 2a -2c) is built from multiple layers of corneous scales, consisting mainly of β-proteins [11] . Densely packed and highly organized collagen bundles can be observed under the corneous epidermis (Figs.…”

Section: Morphology Investigation Of Skin and Teethmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, our analysis is mainly based on SEM observation rather than histological techniques providing a high-resolution images, thus giving many more details and totally different perspective on the tissue's morphology. The layered structure of Cuban crocodile's skin provides its high mechanical performance and resilience to abrasion while preserving wide range of motion necessary for animals' survival [11] .…”

Section: Morphology Investigation Of Skin and Teethmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Crocodile skin is a layered structure responsible for protection from desiccation and abrasion [10] . It can be described as a complex laminate comprising a corneous plate-like epidermis supported by an intertwined meshwork of collagen type I dermis [10,11] . This natural composite provides armor-like properties connecting a hard corneous tissue with the flexibility of the collagen matrix giving unparalleled protection from a rough environment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Collagen Fibers in Crocodile Skin and Teeth: A Morphological Comparison Using Light and Scanning Electron Microscopy

Szewczyk

Stachewicz

2020

J Bionic Eng

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Collagen is one of the most versatile tissues of living organisms that comes in many shapes and sizes, providing functions ranging from tissue matrix through, ligament formation up to enabling mineralization in teeth. The detailed light microscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) observations conducted in this study, allowed us to investigate morphology, sizes and crimp patterns of collagen fibers observed in crocodile skin and teeth. Moreover, the microscopy study revealed that although two completely different tissues were investigated, many similarities in their structure based on collagen fibers were observed. Collagen type I is present in crocodile skin and teeth, showing the flexibility in naturally constructed tissues to obtain various functions. The crimp size investigation of collagen fibers confirmed experimentally the theoretical 67 nm D-periodicity expected for collagen type I. The collagen in teeth provides a matrix for crystal growth and in the skin provides flexibility and is a precursor for corneous scales. Importantly, these observations of the collagen in the skin and tooth structure in crocodiles play an important role in designing biomimetic materials with similar functions and properties.

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Section: Morphology Investigation Of Skin and Teethsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Morphology Investigation Of Skin and Teethmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Morphology Investigation Of Skin and Teethmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Collagen Fibers in Crocodile Skin and Teeth: A Morphological Comparison Using Light and Scanning Electron Microscopy

Szewczyk

Stachewicz

2020

J Bionic Eng

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“…The morphological variations of scales appearance and functions are back to the area which they cover over the body (Maderson, Rabinowitz, Tandler, & Alibardi, 1998) and also to the environmental influences (Allam & Abo‐Eleneen, 2012). Several morphological studies described the histological characterization of the skin in different squamate reptiles (Alibardi, 2003; Ananjeva, Dilmuchamedov, & Matveyeva, 1991; Chang et al, 2009; Darwish, 2012; Dubansky & Close, 2019; Landmann, 1986; Levrat‐Calviac & Zylberberg, 1986). Several previously published SEM studies discussed the micro‐ornamentation and microstructure of the reptilian's scale to suggest their microanatomy (Chiasson & Lowe, 1989; Velloso, Louguercio, & Rocha‐Barbosa, 2005), their functional impact toward the environment (Allam & Abo‐Eleneen, 2012; Gower, 2003) and also can be used to study the ontogenetic and/or evolutionary studies of squamates (Harvey & Gutberlet Jr, 1995; Price, 1982).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative ultrastructural‐functional characterizations of the skin in three reptile species; Chalcides ocellatus, Uromastyx aegyptia aegyptia, and Psammophis schokari aegyptia (FORSKAL, 1775): Adaptive strategies to their habitat

Kandyel

Elwan

Abumandour

et al. 2021

Microscopy Res & Technique

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The current investigation was planned utilizing SEM, histological, and furthermore cytokeratin immunohistochemical to give a full depiction of skin of three reptiles species; Chalcides ocellatus (Scincidae), Uromastyx aegyptia aegyptia (Agamidae), and Psammophis schokari aegyptia (Colubridae) captured from Egypt with various ecological environment. Our SEM results showed different scales covered epidermis of three reptile's species with diverse surface microstructure. Overlapped rhomboid scales with numerous lenticular sense organs with numerous pores and oberhäutchen layer with microridges in C. ocellatus. In U. aegyptia, scales were overlapped elliptical‐shaped possess lens‐like sense structure with several scattered pits and oberhäutchen layer with polygonal outlined cells. While in P. schokari aegyptia, smooth scales flattened with two large dome‐shaped scale receptors/sensilla and lens‐like sense structure, moreover polygonal‐shaped micro‐ornamentation in scale hinge joints were observed. Histologically, skin of three species had outer epidermis with stratum germinativum, stratum corneum (α‐keratin, β‐keratin layer) capped by surface Oberhäutchen and inner dermis. Osteoderms were observed with dermis of C. ocellatus. There are marked variation within pigment cells types among examined species. Melanophores observed in dermal layer of C. ocellatus, while in U. aegyptia, three pigment cells in tegument dermis; melanophores, xanthophores, and iridophores whereas, P. schokari aegyptia had two forms of chromatophore cells (melanophores and iridophores) in dermis and few melanophores scattered between stratum germinativum cells. The highest cytokeratin immunostaining observed in epidermal cell layer of U. aegyptia aegyptia than two other species. Conclusion, dry scaly skin of reptiles reflects a great range of functional aspects and success to adapt with terrestrial life.

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Deepening the synergistic role of additive manufacturing and computational strategies in jewellery

Cerrato,

Gariboldi,

Ferraro

et al. 2024

Int J Adv Manuf Technol

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This study investigates the synergy between additive manufacturing (AM) technologies and computational design strategies in jewellery and how that synergy can be successfully exploited to extend innovation in that field further. A case study called Ecdysis, a bioinspired jewellery collection, is presented. A dedicated computational algorithm has been developed and is described in detail. This algorithm allows for the exploitation of the shape and functional complexity dimensions allowed by AM and the control of the printability of the generated concept. Shape and functional complexity are exploited to mimic the beauty and dynamism of snakes’ slithering mechanism. At the same time, starting from the developed algorithm, multiple digital models and physical prototypes have been fabricated, leveraging material extrusion, vat photopolymerisation, and powder bed fusion processes. This further development step of the collection thus confirms the versatility of both the proposed approach and AM technologies for jewellery. Therefore, the paper demonstrates how unique wearing experiences can be created and how uniqueness can be simultaneously preserved and democratised in jewellery by deepening the synergy between AM technologies and computational strategies.

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A review of alligator and snake skin morphology and histotechnical preparations

Cited by 12 publications

References 24 publications

Collagen Fibers in Crocodile Skin and Teeth: A Morphological Comparison Using Light and Scanning Electron Microscopy

Collagen Fibers in Crocodile Skin and Teeth: A Morphological Comparison Using Light and Scanning Electron Microscopy

Comparative ultrastructural‐functional characterizations of the skin in three reptile species; Chalcides ocellatus, Uromastyx aegyptia aegyptia, and Psammophis schokari aegyptia (FORSKAL, 1775): Adaptive strategies to their habitat

Deepening the synergistic role of additive manufacturing and computational strategies in jewellery

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