A Review of Air Quality Modeling Studies in India: Local and Regional Scale

Garaga, Rajyalakshmi; Sahu, Shovan Kumar; Kota, Sri Harsha

doi:10.1007/s40726-018-0081-0

Cited by 76 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 96 publications

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“…Significant capacity building is needed for: State-of-the-art estimation and modeling methodologies should be developed. Also, published modeling studies have focused on urban megacenters in Northern India and more regional and localized modeling studies are necessary to sufficiently evaluate smaller cities and rural areas (e.g., Garaga et al, 2018). Region or locality-specific indigenous emission factors are required to be developed and utilized for all source categories to ensure representative emission estimates.…”

Section: Recommendationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The strategic direction for air quality improvement in India is hampered by the lack of adequate inventories on emissions and uncertainty in the pollution mixture in ambient air (Garaga et al, 2018). It is likely that both factors differ from what is observed in developed economies of the West.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The risk of exposure to air pollution occurs in both rural and urban populations, however, the routine monitoring of air quality, in India and many countries across the globe, is nearly exclusively confined to urban centers (Garaga et al, 2018). This makes the task of understanding the nature and distribution of nationwide population exposures much more difficult.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Air pollution health research priorities for India: Perspectives of the Indo-U.S. Communities of Researchers

Gordon

Balakrishnan

Dey

et al. 2018

Environment International

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Section: Recommendationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Air pollution health research priorities for India: Perspectives of the Indo-U.S. Communities of Researchers

Gordon

Balakrishnan

Dey

et al. 2018

Environment International

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“…In the last few years air pollutants in many urban cities of India are exceeding the ambient air quality standard recommended by World Health Organization (WHO) and National Ambient Air Quality (NAAQ) standards (7)(8)(9) . Hyderabad, capital city of Telangana State, is one among such cities where the air pollutants exceed the standard values due to its vast urbanization.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of lockdown on air pollutants during COVID – 19 over Hyderabad

Polisetty¹

2020

IJST

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Objective: To understand the temporal characteristics of air pollutants during lockdown and to assess the impact of them on air quality. Method: We have analyzed the ambient monitoring data, from Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB), of air pollutants from 27 th January to 12 th July 2020 to compare prelockdown (27 th Jan to 22 nd March), during lockdown (23 rd March to 17 th May) and post lockdown (18 th May to 12 th July) effects over six stations in Hyderabad. Further, to understand the significant differences in PM concentrations we have evaluated rate of change (ROC) over a defined period of time. Pearson correlation analysis was used as an indicator of the relation between PM 2.5 and PM 10 for the study period. Findings: Our results show a significant decline in PM 2.5 (27%) and PM 10 (34%) concentrations during lockdown. This indicates positive effect of lockdown on air quality over Hyderabad. The contribution of PM 2.5 in PM 10 (46%) during lockdown remains same when compared to previous years though the concentrations have decreased. The PM 2.5 was highly correlated with PM 10 over all the stations. A substantial decrease in PM 2.5 (27%) and PM10(39%) compared to the same period of previous years were observed. Apart of particulate matter the concentration of NO 2 decreased by 33% during lockdown. Another noticeable point observed is that the concentrations of CO and SO 2 showed a marginal decrease and they remained below permissible limits (NAAQS) during study period. Novelty / Recommendations: Overall, this study may be helpful to understand how air pollution is affected during COVID-19 pandemic and provide important signs regarding the control of emissions by subsequently implementing stringent rules, like complete lockdown at least one day per week, imposing traffic rules, encouraging online teaching, digital shopping etc., to heal and save the environment.

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“…India, the second most populous country in the world, has been experiencing extremely high concentrations of fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) in recent decades. In 2015, PM 2.5 concentrations in southern, eastern, northern, and western Indian cities were 6.4, 14.8, 13.2, and 9.2 times the World Health Organization (WHO) annual guideline value of 10 µg m −3 (Garaga et al, 2018). In the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016 (GBD, 2017), India accounted for 1.034 million of 4.093 million global premature mortalities from ambient PM 2.5 exposure, and ambient PM 2.5 exposure was the second largest risk for health in India.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Response to reviewer 1

Zhang¹

2018

Preprint

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Health effects of exposure to fine particulate matter (PM 2.5) in India were estimated in this study based on a source-oriented version of the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model. Contributions of different sources to premature mortality and years of life lost (YLL) were quantified in 2015. Premature mortality due to cerebrovascular disease (CEVD) was the highest in India (0.44 million), followed by ischaemic heart disease (IHD, 0.40 million), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD, 0.18 million), and lung cancer (LC, 0.01 million), with a total of 1.04 million deaths. The states with highest premature mortality were Uttar Pradesh (0.23 million), Bihar (0.12 million), and West Bengal (0.10 million). The highest total YLL was 2 years in Delhi, and the Indo-Gangetic plains and eastern India had higher YLL (∼ 1 years) than other regions. The residential sector was the largest contributor to PM 2.5 concentrations (∼ 40 µg m −3), total premature mortality (0.58 million), and YLL (∼ 0.2 years). Other important sources included industry (∼ 20 µg m −3), agriculture (∼ 10 µg m −3), and energy (∼ 5 µg m −3) with their national averaged contributions of 0.21, 0.12, and 0.07 million to premature mortality, and 0.12, 0.1, and 0.05 years to YLL. Reducing PM 2.5 concentrations would lead to a significant reduction of premature mortality and YLL. For example, premature mortality in Uttar Pradesh (including Delhi) due to PM 2.5 exposures would be reduced by 79 % and YLL would be reduced by 83 % when reducing PM 2.5 concentrations to 10 µg m −3 .

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A Review of Air Quality Modeling Studies in India: Local and Regional Scale

Cited by 76 publications

References 96 publications

Air pollution health research priorities for India: Perspectives of the Indo-U.S. Communities of Researchers

Air pollution health research priorities for India: Perspectives of the Indo-U.S. Communities of Researchers

Effect of lockdown on air pollutants during COVID – 19 over Hyderabad

Response to reviewer 1

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