A review of agricultural crop residue supply in Canada for cellulosic ethanol production

Xue, Li; Mupondwa, Edmund; Panigrahi, S.; Tabil, Lope G.; Sokhansanj, Shahab; Stumborg, Mark

doi:10.1016/j.rser.2012.02.013

Cited by 79 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 16 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Agricultural crops and crop residue are relatively untapped energy sources which present an attractive low cost local fuel with potential to augment wood based biomass and to some degree replace a portion of fossil fuels for the production of heat and power [5,6]. In addition, the combustion of agricultural biomass is generally regarded as carbon neutral [7,8] with annual growing cycles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Controlled Batch Leaching Conditions for Optimal Upgrading of Agricultural Biomass

Ravichandran¹,

Gibb²,

Corscadden³

2013

JSBS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Agricultural biomass presents a promising feedstock, which may contribute to a transition to low carbon fuels. A significant amount of research has identified a number of challenges when combusting agricultural feedstock, related primarily to energy value, ash, emissions, corrosion and combustion characteristics. The mitigation of such challenges can be addressed more cost effectively when dealing with large or utility scale combustion. The costs associated with harvesting, conversion, transportation and ultimately, market development all create additional roadblocks for the creation of an agricultural biomass industry. Nova Scotia, an Eastern Canadian province, has significant land resources, however it is prone to wet spring and as yet does not have a supply chain established for such an industry. The main components of supply, processing and conversion and demand simply do not yet exist. This research addresses one aspect of this supply chain by attempting to develop a fuel suitable for a) existing markets (local residential wood and wood pellet stoves and b) a scale that will support industry engagement. The outcomes of this research have determined that such a venture is possible and presents empirical preprocessing conditions to achieve a competitive agricultural fuel.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Controlled Batch Leaching Conditions for Optimal Upgrading of Agricultural Biomass

Ravichandran¹,

Gibb²,

Corscadden³

2013

JSBS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Ethiab 14 , et al observed the maximum glucose content by using alkali as a catalyst during pre-treatment of lignocellulosic biomass of dragon fruit foliage. The microwave-dilute sulphuric acid pre-treatment of CSS causes degradation of the solid skeleton of the lignocellulosic materials that enhance the porosity of biomass and makes it easy to proceed in further hydrolysis reactions 22 . However, the microwave-alkaline pre-treatment method (generally all the hydroxide of S-block elements), actively transforms the structure of lignin, partial decrystalisation of cellulose and partial solvation of hemicellulose 23 .…”

Section: Effect Of Microwave-alkaline Pre-treatment Of Css On Glucosementioning

confidence: 99%

Catalysed-microwave based Pretreatment of Lignocellulosic Biomass of Camelina Sativa L. for Bio-Fuel Production

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Lignocellulosic biomasses are promising alternative resource for bio-fuel production. But due to the recalcitrant nature of lignin and hemicellulose, necessitates an efficient pre-treatment process to improve the yield of reducing sugars and maximising the enzymatic hydrolysis efficiency. Catalysed-microwave pre-treatment may be a good alternative as compared to other methods since it can reduce the time and improve the enzymatic activity during hydrolysis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of the catalysed-microwave based pre-treatment of lignocellulosic biomass of Camelina sativa straw (CSS) to overcome the recalcitrant nature of cellulosic biomass. The microwave-alkaline (2 % NaOH) pre-treatment of CSS at 250 W for 10 min yields maximum (~422 mg/g) total soluble sugars (TSS) production during hydrolysis. Likewise, the maximum glucose content (~294 mg/g) was measured in 2 % alkaline-microwave pre-treatment for 10 min at RT. However, slight increase in lignin degradation was observed with the increase in alkaline hydroxide concentration and microwave irradiation exposure time. The maximum degradation in lignin content (~83 %) was measured in 3 % alkaline-microwave pre-treatment for 20 min at RT. Our results suggest that the microwave-alkaline pre-treatment approach may be employed for comprehensive utilisation of CSS biomass of Camelina sativa L. cv. Calena (EC643910) for bio-fuel production.

show abstract

“…The straw/grain ratio has been used to calculate the amount of straw produced from various crops as shown in Table 1. The total production of straw in Canada is over 82.4 million tonnes per year (Li et al, 2012). Wheat straw dominates the total straw production and 92.6% of it is produced in Canadian Prairies.…”

Section: Science Publicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most corn straw (96.7%) and soybean straw (95.4%) are produced in Ontario and Quebec, respectively. A significant part of the straw (60-80%) can be made available for energy recovery through combustion and gasification processes to meet demands for space and water heating, grain drying and for operating small stationary machined on Canadian farms (Chum and Overend, 2001;Demirbas, 2001;Demirbas, 2005;Li et al, 2012).…”

Section: Science Publicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and Evaluation of a Low-Density Biomass Feeding System for Fluidized Bed Gasifiers

Ghaly¹

2013

American Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

For efficient operation of a biomass gasifier, the biomass material must be fed continuously to the system. A feeding system for chopped straw and rice husk was designed, constructed and evaluated. It consisted of: A frame, a hopper, an auger, two agitators, a drive system and a power unit. Initial testing showed that wheat straw and rice husk, being highly cohesive materials, created tunnel flow and piping conditions. This occurs when the pressure above an impending dome of material is too small resulting in the creation of a stable dome and blockage of the discharge. In order to achieve good flow conditions, it was concluded that the hopper must operate under "mass outflow" and the material should not be allowed to build up along the flow channels. These objectives were achieved by the proper redesign of the hopper configuration, the installation of agitators in the hopper and use of an auger in the outlet duct leading into the gasifier. However, as the augur was used to move the biomass material from hopper to the gasifier, it was observed that hot gases leaked from the gasifier into the hopper and heat was also transmitted from the gasifier to the hopper though the augur shaft by conduction resulting in burning of biomass material in the hopper. Therefore, the augur shaft was fitted with copper tubing to serve as a water cooling system and the tapered section of the augur was fitted with a stainless steel section with water inlet and outlet to serve as a secondary cooling system. After, the system has been successfully modified for feeding wheat straw and rice husk, it was tested to determine the optimum operating conditions. Mass flow tests were performed with four sprocket combinations and four auger speeds. Increasing the auger speed and/or the lower agitator speed increased the straw output of the feeding system. However, increases in the upper agitator speed resulted in reduced mass flow of the material due to the mixing effect created by the upper agitator which reduced the down movement of the straw toward the auger housing. The sprocket B combination (30 tooth sprocket on the lower agitator shaft and a 50 tooth sprocket on the upper agitator shaft with a lower agitator speed of 1/3 auger speed and an upper agitator speed of 1/15 auger speed) gave the greatest straw output. The feed rate at this combination ranged from 0.74 to 6.76 kg/minute (12.58 to 114.92 GJ/minute). By adjusting the dial controller, the output could be easily matched with the gasifier's required straw input.

show abstract

A review of agricultural crop residue supply in Canada for cellulosic ethanol production

Cited by 79 publications

References 16 publications

Controlled Batch Leaching Conditions for Optimal Upgrading of Agricultural Biomass

Controlled Batch Leaching Conditions for Optimal Upgrading of Agricultural Biomass

Catalysed-microwave based Pretreatment of Lignocellulosic Biomass of Camelina Sativa L. for Bio-Fuel Production

Development and Evaluation of a Low-Density Biomass Feeding System for Fluidized Bed Gasifiers

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About