A review of acitretin, a systemic retinoid for the treatment of psoriasis

Abstract

Acitretin is a second-generation, systemic retinoid that has been approved for the treatment of psoriasis since 1997. It can be considered one of the treatments of choice for pustular and erythrodermic psoriasis. However, the efficacy of acitretin as a monotherapy for plaque psoriasis is less, although it is often used in combination therapy with other systemic psoriasis therapies, especially ultraviolet B or psoralen plus ultraviolet A phototherapy, to increase efficacy. Such combination treatments may potentially minimise toxicity by using lower doses of each of the two agents. All systemic retinoids are potent teratogens. The most common side effects are mucocutanous effects such as cheilitis and hair loss, which are dose-dependent. Acitretin is not immunosuppressive, is generally safe for long-term use and has no time limit restrictions, which makes it useful in combination therapy and for maintenance therapy.

Nanostructured Lipid Carriers for Delivery of Chemotherapeutics: A Review

“…Quetrecin-loaded NLCs were stable at low temperature (4 • C) for 28 days, while higher temperatures of 22 • C for 10 days and 37 • C for 24 h resulted in the occurrence of particle aggregation and decrease in surface charge. This is due to breakage of the hydrogen bonds between the surfactant molecules at the lipid/water interface as a result of increasing temperature [73]. It was also noticed that the ZP of particles stored at 22 • C was decreased at longer storage duration, which is associated to agglomeration and aggregation of the particles [19].…”

“…[101,102] Silybin Hepatotoxicity [103,104] Bifendate Hepatitis [105,106] Buprenorphine Analgesic treatment of chronic pain and opioid dependence. [107,108] Dexamethasone acetate Anti-inflammatory [109] Topical Cyproterone acetate Acne vulgaris [110] Acitretin Acne vulgaris and psoriasis [73,111] Psoralen Psoriasis [29,112] Flurbiprofen Rheumatoid arthritis, sunburn and gout [113,114] Ketoprofen Arthritis and skin inflammation [30,115] Celastrol/Indomethacin Arthritis and inflammatory pain [116] Celecoxib Anti-inflammatory [43] Valdecoxib Anti-inflammatory [117] Fluticasone Atopic dermatitis and psoriasis [42] Lidocaine Local anesthetic [118] Benzocaine/Lidocaine Local anesthetic [119] Nanolipid Q 10 CL Anti-aging/cellular antioxidant [58,[120][121][122] Lutein Antioxidant, anti-stress, and blue light filter protect the skin from photo damage [123,124] Meloxicam Osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis [125] Clotrimazole Antifungal [26,126] Octyl-methoxycinnamate UVB absorber, Sunscreen [127,128]…”

Ustekinumab Efficacy and Safety in Children with Plaque, Erythrodermic and Palmoplanar Forms of Psoriasis: Retrospective Cohort Study

“…При среднетяжелых и тяжелых формах псориаза в детском возрасте используют узкополосную фототерапию и системные иммуносупрессивные препараты -метотрексат и циклоспорин, а также ароматические ретиноиды (ацитретин) [8][9][10]. Генно-инженерные биологические препараты, эффект которых обусловлен таргетным воздействием на ключевые медиаторы воспалительной цепочки псориатического процесса, являются новой генерацией эффективных и относительно безопасных лекарственных средств [11][12][13].…”

Pathophysiology of Atopic Dermatitis and Psoriasis: Implications for Management in Children

“…Similar to the mechanism of action of tazarotene, it binds to the RAR and regulates transcription of genes important for epidermal proliferation, keratinocyte differentiation, and immune cell production of cytokines. Overall, it appears to be less effective than traditional systemic agents for plaque psoriasis, and has several important AEs including dry skin and mucous membranes, dyslipidemia, elevated liver function tests, and potential teratogenicity [181].…”