A review of abnormalities in the potato due to water uptake and translocation

Sparks, Walter C.

doi:10.1007/bf02851301

Cited by 17 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The losses due to this one defect have not been quantified, but can be serious for growers due to crop rejection and to processors due to trim loss and product downgrades. Although recognized in the literature as a problem for more than 70 years (Lugt 1960;Nielsen and Sparks 1953;Penman 1929;Sparks 1958), and being the subject of considerable research, current knowledge of this malady has never been summarized. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of sugar end research, emphasizing several aspects of the problem including symptoms and causes, biochemical nature, physiological responses, genetic resistance, crop management recommendations to minimize this tuber defect, and future research needs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Review Of The Sugar End Disorder In Potato (Solanum tuberosum, L.)

et al. 2008

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Processing quality has become increasingly important to the potato industry. A serious defect in product quality is the physiological disorder known as sugar ends, also referred to as dark ends, jelly ends, translucent ends, and/or glassy ends. Symptoms of the most common type of sugar end include relatively low starch and high sugar content in the basal end of the tuber. Tubers with the sugar end disorder produce French fries that are dark on one end, making the fries unacceptable to consumers. Sugar end potatoes cause time and profit losses at the processing plant and may require blending of loads to meet product specifications, along with the need to change processing protocols. Sugar end can be costly to growers if the tubers have insufficient quality and the crop is rejected for processing. Conditions conducive to the development of sugar ends include high soil temperatures, transitory soil moisture deficits, and insufficient or excess nitrogen fertilization. Tubers are most sensitive to these stresses during early bulking. Historically, several theories have been proposed concerning the mechanism of sugar end development. Research shows that stressed plants produce adequate amounts of assimilate to support continued tuber growth, but accumulate large amounts of sucrose in the basal tissues of the tuber immediately following stress. Accumulated evidence suggests that heat stress and water deficit induce changes in the activities of certain key carbohydrate metabolizing enzymes shifting the tuber from a starch synthesizing function to one of starch mobilization. Genetic resistance to sugar end development is known and the identified traits are highly heritable. This review summarizes sugar end investigations to-date, and presents a list of research-based crop management recommendations that assist potato producers in minimizing the potential for sugar end development in the field.Resumen La calidad de procesamiento de papa se ha vuelto cada vez más importante para la industria. Un defecto serio en la calidad del producto es el desorden fisiológico conocido como punta azucarada, referido también como punta oscura, punta translúcida y/o punta vítrea. Los síntomas de los tipos más comunes de punta azucarada incluyen bajo contenido relativo de almidón y alto contenido de azúcar en el extremo basal del tubérculo. Los tubérculos con punta azucarada producen papas fritas que tienen un extremo oscuro, haciendo la fritura inaceptable para los consumidores. Las papas con extremo azucarado causan pérdida de tiempo y ganancias a la planta procesadora y puede requerir la mezcla de lotes de papa para satisfacer las especificaciones del producto, además de de la necesidad de cambiar los protocolos de procesamiento. La punta azucarada Am. puede ser costosa para los productores si los tubérculos son de calidad insuficiente y el cultivo es rechazado para procesamiento. Las condiciones que conducen al desarrollo de este desorden incluyen altas temperaturas del suelo, deficiencia transitoria de agua e insuficiencia o exceso de ...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Review Of The Sugar End Disorder In Potato (Solanum tuberosum, L.)

et al. 2008

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“…There has been a considerable amount of work done on the effects of cultural factors on the quality of potato tubers. This has been reviewed by various authors (18,21). In recent years interest has developed in the specific effects of the soil environment on plant production.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil oxygen and moisture in relation to Russet Burbank potato yield and quality

Holder¹,

Cary²

1984

American Potato Journal

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On a Declo loam, rooting density, final yield and quality of potatoes (Solanum tuberosum cv. Russet Burbank) showed no significant differences among conventional planting, ripping along the row, or forced aeration 30 cm below the top of the row. There were significant relationships between oxygen diffusion rate (ODR) and soil moisture tension (matric potential) at the 30 and 40 cm depths, but these relationships were not significantly different among treatments.In a complementary experiment, sprinkler irrigations at negative soil water matric potentials of 30-40 (wet), 40-50 (intermediate) and 50-60 kPa (dry, i.e., 0.5-0.6 bar tension) produced no differences in total yield. However, the wet treatment gave significantly more knobby and undersized tubers < 113 g (4 oz.) and a lower percentage of U.S. #1 tubers than the intermediate and dry treatments. Premium sized tubers > 284 g (10 oz.) were significantly higher in the dry than in the wet treatment. Fertilizer N was applied periodically during the season and petiole NO 3-N levels indicated adequate levels with no differences among treatments in either experiment.So much attention has been given to the effects of drought and high temperature stress on the quality of Idaho Russet Burbank potatoes, that some growers may now over-irrigate. Results of this research indicate that attention should also be directed to the effects of excess moisture on the size and quality of tubers.

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“…Evidence in this area is limited and there has been little recent work investigating the effects of drought stress on structural defects in potato. This may be because a consensus seems to have been reached that temperature is the primary cause of structural defects in potato ( Sparks, 1958 ; Bodlaender et al, 1964 ; Levy, 1986b ; van Loon, 1986 ; Struik et al, 1989 ) but, with temperatures and incidences of drought set to rise this relationship may need more up-to-date analysis.…”

Section: Effects Of Drought On Potatomentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphophysiology of Potato (Solanum tuberosum) in Response to Drought Stress: Paving the Way Forward

et al. 2021

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The cultivated potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is currently the third most important food crop in the world and is becoming increasingly important to the local economies of developing countries. Climate change threatens to drastically reduce potato yields in areas of the world where the growing season is predicted to become hotter and drier. Modern potato is well known as an extremely drought susceptible crop, which has primarily been attributed to its shallow root system. This review addresses this decades old consensus, and highlights other, less well understood, morphophysiological features of potato which likely contribute to drought susceptibility. This review explores the effects of drought on these traits and goes on to discuss phenotypes which may be associated with drought tolerance in potato. Small canopies which increase harvest index and decrease evapotranspiration, open stem-type canopies which increase light penetration, and shallow but densely rooted cultivars, which increase water uptake, have all been associated with drought tolerance in the past, but have largely been ignored. While individual studies on a limited number of cultivars may have examined these phenotypes, they are typically overlooked due to the consensus that root depth is the only significant cause of drought susceptibility in potato. We review this work, particularly with respect to potato morphology, in the context of a changing climate, and highlight the gaps in our understanding of drought tolerance in potato that such work implies.

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A review of abnormalities in the potato due to water uptake and translocation

Cited by 17 publications

References 9 publications

Review Of The Sugar End Disorder In Potato (Solanum tuberosum, L.)

Review Of The Sugar End Disorder In Potato (Solanum tuberosum, L.)

Soil oxygen and moisture in relation to Russet Burbank potato yield and quality

Morphophysiology of Potato (Solanum tuberosum) in Response to Drought Stress: Paving the Way Forward

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