A Review of 2.4 GHz Transmitters for IEEE 802.15.4 Low Rate WPANs

Mahajan, Nitika; Kaur, Jasleen

doi:10.1109/icacce.2015.27

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Many IEEE 802.15.4 transmitters with 2.4 GHz are available in current research, including direct conversion, dual conversion, phase-locked loop (PLL) based direct modulation, half-sine shaping (HS) based offset quadrature phase-shift keying (OQPSK), and sub-harmonic and injection-locked (SHIL) based quadrature voltage-controlled oscillators (QVCO). The linear outputs of these transmitter are employed mostly in healthcare control and monitoring applications [5]. The multi-mode-based digital 802.15.4 transceiver using 868/915 MHz and 2.14 GHz frequency bands on a single chip for WPAN applications is described [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of an efficient binary phase-shift keying based IEEE 802.15.4 transceiver architecture and its performance analysis

Raj

Gowda

2022

IJECE

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<span lang="EN-US">The IEEE 802.15.4 <a name="_Hlk109306810"></a>physical layer (PHY) standard is one of the communication standards with wireless features by providing low-power and low-data rates in wireless personal area network (WPAN) applications. In this paper, an efficient IEEE 802.15.4 digital transceiver hardware architecture is designed using the binary phase-shift keying (BPSK) technique. The transceiver mainly has transmitter and receiver modules along with the error calculation unit. The BPSK modulation and demodulation are designed using a digital frequency synthesizer (DFS). The DFS is used to generate the in-phase (I) and quadrature-phase (Q) signals and also provides better system performance than the conventional voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) and look up table (LUT) based memory methods. The differential encoding-decoding mechanism is incorporated to recover the bits effectively and to reduce the hardware complexity. The simulation results are illustrated and used to find the error bits. The design utilizes less chip area, works at 268.2 MHz, and consumes 108 mW of total power. The IEEE 802.15.4 transceiver provides a latency of 3.5 clock cycles and works with a throughput of 76.62 Mbps. The bit error rate (BER) of 2×10-5 is achieved by the proposed digital transceiver and is suitable for real-time applications. The work is compared with existing similar approaches with better improvement in performance parameters.</span>

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of an efficient binary phase-shift keying based IEEE 802.15.4 transceiver architecture and its performance analysis

Raj

Gowda

2022

IJECE

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“…To overcome these constraints, implementation of a wireless personal network (WPAN) has gained attention for establishing the communication between the user and the vehicle [9]. Bluetooth and 2.4 GHz-based ZigBee are the prominent technologies that are integrated for establishing the WPAN [10,11]. Bluetooth and 2.4 GHz-based ZigBee also consume low power with low data rates and short-range transmission of data [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

WPAN and IoT Enabled Automation to Authenticate Ignition of Vehicle in Perspective of Smart Cities

Gehlot

Singh

Kuchhal

et al. 2021

Sensors

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Currently, two-wheelers are the most popular mode of transportation, driven by the majority the people. Research by the World Health Organization (WHO) identifies that most two-wheeler deaths are caused due to not wearing a helmet. However, the advancement in sensors and wireless communication technology empowers one to monitor physical things such as helmets through wireless technology. Motivated by these aspects, this article proposes a wireless personal network and an Internet of Things assisted system for automating the ignition of two-wheelers with authorization and authentication through the helmet. The authentication and authorization are realized with the assistance of a helmet node and a two-wheeler node based on 2.4 GHz RF communication. The helmet node is embedded with three flex sensors utilized to experiment with different age groups and under different temperature conditions. The statistical data collected during the experiment are utilized to identify the appropriate threshold value through a t-test hypothesis for igniting the two-wheelers. The threshold value obtained after the t-test is logged in the helmet node for initiating the communication with the two-wheeler node. The pairing of the helmet node along with the RFID key is achieved through 2.4 GHZ RF communication. During real-time implementation, the helmet node updates the status to the server and LABVIEW data logger, after wearing the helmet. Along with the customization of hardware, a LABVIEW data logger is designed to visualize the data on the server side.

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“…The simulation parameters of our experiments, which are commonly used in other literatures, are displayed in Table 6 For HECRPL, the adjustable transmission range is set to be [30,35,40,45].…”

Section: Simulation Setupmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The root is placed in the center of the network. The network performance with dierent trac ows (20,30,40,50,60) and dierent simulation times is studied in this scenario. prolongs the lifetime of the network, which have many more numbers of alive nodes after the simulation was run for the same duration.…”

Section: Non-uniform Distribution In a Circular Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy-efficient and reliable routing techniques for machine-to-machine communications

Zhao¹

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In recent years, Machine-to-Machine (M2M) communications has emerged as ubiquitous communication among large number of embedded devices. M2M communications networks are typically composed of thousands of highly resource constraint devices connected with dynamic and lossy wireless links with predominantly unpredictable characteristics, categorized as Low-Power and Lossy networks (LLNs). Routing is of paramount importance for M2M communications, as the data has to be relayed via multiple hops before it reaches destination. The Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) has standardized the IPv6 Routing Protocol for Low Power and Lossy Networks (RPL) as predominate candidate for M2M communications. In fact, the severe resource constraints and unreliable wireless medium of LLNs have driven the routing protocols towards an energy-ecient, reliable, stable, and scalable design. Power conservation and reliable data delivery are the two main primary goals to design routing protocols. Though, it is extremely challenging to achieve both simultaneously, especially for LLNs. This thesis studies, designs, implements and evaluates the performance of energy-ecient and reliable routing techniques for M2M communications. Specifically, this thesis rst presents a review of the state-of-the-art of M2M communications with focus on the enabling wireless communication technologies, standardization activities, and envisioned research opportunities. Furthermore, with a comprehensive study on RPL, a framework design of RPL is proposed. Aiming to simultaneously achieve high reliability and energy conservation in LLNs, suits of vi Abstract routing protocols are proposed. Extensive experimental studies are conducted in NS-3 to validate the eectiveness and exibility of proposed protocols. This thesis proposes a hybrid RPL (HyRPL) aiming to provide reliable routing support with signicant reduction of routing overhead. In HyRPL, the necessity for route discovery is determined by measuring the cost of pre-established route. With the design of a route constraint, HyRPL eectively balances the trade-o between utilizing the pre-established route and on-demand route discovery in LLNs. This thesis also proposes a cluster-parent based RPL (CRPL), which eectively leverages path diversity so as to improve the reliability and reduce the number of retransmissions. With the objective to minimize the total number of transmissions, CRPL allows each node to select an optimal forwarder-set with a low-complexity algorithm. Moreover, an ecient loss recovery scheme for the detection and retransmission of lost data packets is designed to avoid duplicate transmissions. This thesis also proposes a novel energy-ecient and region-based routing protocol, called ER-RPL. In contrast to traditional routing protocols, where all the nodes are required for route discovery, ER-RPL only requires a subset of nodes. By exploiting the region feature of static M2M communication networks, ER-RPL achieves energy conservation without compromising the reliability. Both the theoretical analy...

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A Review of 2.4 GHz Transmitters for IEEE 802.15.4 Low Rate WPANs

Cited by 4 publications

References 33 publications

Design of an efficient binary phase-shift keying based IEEE 802.15.4 transceiver architecture and its performance analysis

Design of an efficient binary phase-shift keying based IEEE 802.15.4 transceiver architecture and its performance analysis

WPAN and IoT Enabled Automation to Authenticate Ignition of Vehicle in Perspective of Smart Cities

Energy-efficient and reliable routing techniques for machine-to-machine communications

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