A review: multi-objective collaborative optimization of best management practices for non-point sources pollution control

Nonpoint Source Pollution (NPSP) Induces Structural and Functional Variation in the Fungal Community of Sediments in the Jialing River, China

“…Rivers are important for the hydrological cycle and for material migration on Earth and have rich biodiversity (Heikkinen et al, 2021). With rapid economic development and the continuous increase in urbanization, China's aquatic environments have been severely damaged, particularly in the form of river pollution, which has become the focus of aquatic environment governance in China (Geng et al, 2019). In recent years, the Chinese government has consistently improved the quality of aquatic environments and strengthened aquatic ecological systems through policy guidance and nancial support (Han er al., 2021).…”

“…Research shows that NPSP has surpassed point source pollution as the main cause of water pollution on a global scale, especially in agricultural production in developing countries (Yano et al, 2021;Andrade et al, 2021). Extensive agricultural production, with high input of pesticides and chemical fertilizers, and the rapid expansion of aquaculture has led to increasingly serious agricultural NPSP, and it has severely restricted the healthy development of the aquatic environment (Geng et al, 2019;Arauzo et al, 2021). Therefore, the control of agricultural NPSP has not only become the top priority for water pollution control but also has gradually become a major issue for the sustainable development of modern agriculture and society (Yang et al, 2020).…”

“…NPSP is mainly caused by dissolved or solid pollutants in the ground surface or soil, which enter the receiving water through surface runoff, soil erosion, farmland drainage and in ltration (Arauzo et al, 2021;. NPSP has the characteristics of randomness, extensiveness, lag, and latency, which increases the di culty of pollution prevention, detection and control (Geng et al, 2019). Therefore, we still need to strengthen the basic scienti c research to develop monitoring and control measures that are more accurate and powerful for NPSP control and to reduce the environmental impact on river basins (Costa et al, 2021).…”

“…In addition, based on the results of this study, the identi cation of NPSP environmental microbial indicators should be further studied. The monitoring and evaluation of environmental microbial indicator species at the source of pollution should be developed to scienti cally manage NPSP discharge(Geng et al, 2019).…”

Control-Unit-Based Analysis of the Ecological Restoration Measure System and Arrangement of the Xiaonanhai Lake Watershed in Hubei Province, China

“…In recent years, Nature-Based Solutions have been proposed in western countries to control watershed pollution with ecological engineering measures, including restoring wetlands, vegetation buffers, and grassed waterways [6] . Although these measures do promote the environmental and ecological performance along with good economic benefits, they only consider the pollution loads and are generally arranged within heavily polluted areas [7]~ [9] . If such an area covers two or more administrative subjects, it would become challenging to decide the responsible subjects.…”