A Review for Retrieving Wind Fields by Spaceborne Synthetic Aperture Radar

Abstract

A high-resolution sea surface wind field (SSWF) has high application requirements, such as weather forecast, wind energy evaluation, and oil spill monitoring. The models for retrieving SSWFs based on spaceborne synthetic aperture radar (SAR) are important methods for obtaining high-resolution SSWFs. These models are continuously updated and improved from the prototype to the model to achieve high-resolution and high-precision SSWF retrieval. With the development of SAR technology and the gradual maturation of global ocean observations, SSWF quantitative estimation using SAR has developed from scientific research to operational monitoring. This study summarises the principles and methods of SSWF with multipolarized SAR. Finally, research suggestions and future development directions are put forward.

Super Resolution Mapping of Scatterometer Ocean Surface Wind Speed Using Generative Adversarial Network: Experiments in the Southern China Sea

“…GMFs are semi-empirical methods that yield σ 0 by correlating with wind speed V, wind direction concerning beam azimuth ϕ, and antenna incidence angle θ. The GMFs are commonly applied by scatterometers [30][31][32] and SAR [33][34][35] to retrieve OSWS using MLE estimators. Some GMFs were initially developed only for the C-band scatterometer data operating in VV polarization, such as ASCAT, commonly referred to as CMOD.…”