A review for key challenges of the development of biodiesel industry

Manaf, Intan Shafinaz Abd; Embong, Nurul Hajar; Khazaai, Siti Norhafiza Mohd; Yusoff, Mashitah M.; Lee, Keat Teong; Maniam, Gaanty Pragas

doi:10.1016/j.enconman.2019.02.019

Cited by 162 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 84 publications

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“…It is reported in distinct researches that evaluated costs involved in the production of biodiesel the substantial percentage relative to the use of certain raw materials on the final price of the biofuel produced [149,150], regardless of the technological route chosen. Estimates put more than 350 different kinds of oil-bearing crops employed worldwide as sources for the biodiesel production [6], where around 95% of the biodiesel originated from these substrates is derivative from edible oils [151], which have a higher aggregate value in comparison with nonedible oils or other waste materials.…”

Section: Current Status Of the Biodiesel Catalyzed By Soluble Lipasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lipases in liquid formulation for biodiesel production: Current status and challenges

Wancura

Tres

Jahn

et al. 2019

Biotech and App Biochem

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Enzymatic synthesis of biodiesel showed advantageous characteristics in relation to other technologies once it works under bland conditions, no generation of wastewater, no occurrence of saponifications reactions and production of a biodiesel with high quality. Although many researches still apply immobilized lipases, the high costs associated with this biocatalyst hamper the economic viability of the process. Lipases in free/soluble/liquid formulation employed to biodiesel production via hydroesterification reaction have attracted interest from researchers because they are more cost effective than the immobilized form, making the enzymatic route more competitive. In addition, soluble lipases present higher reaction rates, reducing the time required to obtain a satisfactory biodiesel yield. Despite the fact that already exist industrial plants producing biodiesel with the assistance of lipases in liquid formulation, results of researches show that the process still needs to overcome some drawbacks. This paper is a comprehensive and critical discussion on the publications where soluble lipases were applied on biodiesel synthesis, as well as the challenges that the technology faces and its current status in pilot and industrial applications.

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Section: Current Status Of the Biodiesel Catalyzed By Soluble Lipasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lipases in liquid formulation for biodiesel production: Current status and challenges

Wancura

Tres

Jahn

et al. 2019

Biotech and App Biochem

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“…Biodiesel is obtained by transesterification of triacylglycerols with short-chain alcohols, such as methanol and ethanol. The standard industrial procedure is based on alkaline-catalyzed transesterification [2]. However, this method requires a large amount of energy and water for purification.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Truncated Prosequence of Rhizopus oryzae Lipase: Key Factor for Production Improvement and Biocatalyst Stability

et al. 2019

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Recombinant Rhizopus oryzae lipase (mature sequence, rROL) was modified by adding to its N-terminal 28 additional amino acids from the C-terminal of the prosequence (proROL) to obtain a biocatalyst more suitable for the biodiesel industry. Both enzymes were expressed in Pichia pastoris and compared in terms of production bioprocess parameters, biochemical properties, and stability. Growth kinetics, production, and yields were better for proROL harboring strain than rROL one in batch cultures. When different fed-batch strategies were applied, lipase production and volumetric productivity of proROL-strain were always higher (5.4 and 4.4-fold, respectively) in the best case. rROL and proROL enzymatic activity was dependent on ionic strength and peaked in 200 mM Tris-HCl buffer. The optimum temperature and pH for rROL were influenced by ionic strength, but those for proROL were not. The presence of these amino acids altered lipase substrate specificity and increased proROL stability when different temperature, pH, and methanol/ethanol concentrations were employed. The 28 amino acids were found to be preferably removed by proteases, leading to the transformation of proROL into rROL. Nevertheless, the truncated prosequence enhanced Rhizopus oryzae lipase heterologous production and stability, making it more appropriate as industrial biocatalyst.

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“…Due to the environmental impact and the consequences related to the use of fossil fuels (especially on account of their contribution to greenhouse gases), the use of alternatives such as renewable energies is necessary. Indeed, there is a real concern about environmental conservation, and many countries and international agencies are promoting renewable energies, such as biofuels [1][2][3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Safflower Biodiesel: Improvement of its Oxidative Stability by Using BHA and TBHQ

2019

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Biodiesel is gaining more and more importance due to environmental issues. This way, alternative and sustainable crops as new biofuel sources are demanded. Safflower could be a sustainable raw material for biodiesel production, showing one disadvantage (as many biodiesels from vegetable oils), that is, a short oxidative stability. Consequently, the use of antioxidants to increase this parameter is mandatory. The aim of this research work was to assess the effect of two antioxidants (butylated hydroxyanisole, BHA, and tert-butylhydroquinone, TBHQ) on the oxidative stability of safflower biodiesel, which was characterized paying attention to its fatty acid methyl ester profile. For oxidative stability, the Rancimat method was used, whereas for fatty acid profile gas chromatography was selected. For the remaining parameters, the methods were followed according to the UNE-EN 14214 standard. The overall conclusion was that safflower biodiesel could comply with the standard, thanks to the use of antioxidants, with TBHQ being more effective than BHA. On the other hand, the combined use of these antioxidants did not show, especially at low concentrations, a synergic or additive effect, which makes the mixture of these antioxidants unsuitable to improve the oxidative stability.

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A review for key challenges of the development of biodiesel industry

Cited by 162 publications

References 84 publications

Lipases in liquid formulation for biodiesel production: Current status and challenges

Lipases in liquid formulation for biodiesel production: Current status and challenges

Truncated Prosequence of Rhizopus oryzae Lipase: Key Factor for Production Improvement and Biocatalyst Stability

Safflower Biodiesel: Improvement of its Oxidative Stability by Using BHA and TBHQ

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