A review: Exergy analysis of PEM and PEM fuel cell based CHP systems

Özgür, Tayfun; Yakaryilmaz, Ali Cem

doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2018.01.106

Cited by 73 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…The Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) is one of the most developed fuel cell technology in recent years [1]- [3]. It converts chemical energy in an electrical one at a low operating temperature range from 60 to 80°C.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of the temperature on calendar aging of an open cathode fuel cell stack

Pahon

Jemeï

Chabriat³

et al. 2021

Journal of Power Sources

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This paper deals with calendar aging of a proton exchange membrane open-cathode fuel cell.Calendar aging is already developed for energy sources as supercapacitor and batteries but the literature is very poor for fuel cell stacks. However, this kind of test is necessary to determine the actual lifetime of the system without running it and to define the aging impact of the storage of such a system. One possible outcome for fuel cells is to provide electricity in remote areas without connection to the grid. This issue becomes even more challenging under hard environmental conditions, especially in areas with possible negative ambient temperatures. Experimental research on the degradation of open cathode fuel cells under these tricky conditions is needed to investigate the impact of resting states on the fuel cell lifetime and to evaluate the impact of the sub-zero temperatures on the performance losses.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of the temperature on calendar aging of an open cathode fuel cell stack

Pahon

Jemeï

Chabriat³

et al. 2021

Journal of Power Sources

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“…Hydrogen fuel cell has been considered as substitute for fossil fuel for the future, because of its high efficiency and environmental protection characteristics. Advantages of hydrogen fuel cell are zero emission levels, high power output, structural safety, and multiple uses . Among hydrogen fuel cells, the polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is the most promising in virtue of its high power/volume and power/mass densities, safety, and more.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Advantages of hydrogen fuel cell are zero emission levels, high power output, structural safety, and multiple uses. 1 Among hydrogen fuel cells, the polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is the most promising in virtue of its high power/volume and power/mass densities, safety, and more. Illustration of the main structure and functioning of a PEMFC is shown in Figure 1.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A coupled and interactive influence of operational parameters for optimizing power output of cleaner energy production systems under uncertain conditions

et al. 2019

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Summary The mechanisms in proton‐exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) cannot be explicitly represented by a mathematical function because the PEMFC system is multi‐dimensional and complex and represents uncertainty in operation variables, which cannot be modeled by experiments or by trial‐and‐error approach. Therefore, this work proposes to study the coupled and interactive influence of stack current (SC), stack temperature (ST), oxygen excess ratio (OER), hydrogen excess ratio (HER), and inlet air humidity (IAH) for optimizing the power output of PEMFC. The data obtained from the experiments have been inserted into architecture of automated neural‐network search, which automates the selection of error function, activation function, uncertainties in inputs and number of hidden neurons in formulation of a robust and accurate model for power density as a function of five operational variables. Among the operational variables, the correlation coefficient between the SC and the output power is the highest, followed by OER, and the ST. However, for HER and IAH, the power output follows negative nonlinear relation. The optimization converged at 130th iteration results in maximum power output of 3410 W for an optimum value of SC (51A), ST (59°C), OER (3:2), HER (1:10), and IAH (0.8).

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“…There are also very recent patents regarding reducing the impact of dynamic loads on fuel cells. 3 Exergy and energy analysis 4,5 and degradation of PEMFCs under start-stop operating conditions 6 were also reviewed in recent works. [4][5][6] In a comprehensive review, Chen et al 7 studied the test protocols for the examination of stack fuel cells.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3 Exergy and energy analysis 4,5 and degradation of PEMFCs under start-stop operating conditions 6 were also reviewed in recent works. [4][5][6] In a comprehensive review, Chen et al 7 studied the test protocols for the examination of stack fuel cells. Several mathematical models were introduced to investigate the dynamic response of PEMFCs, such as the studies of Lee and Wang, 8 Saadi et al, 9 and Chen et al 10 Lee and Wang 8 proposed a model to predict the dynamic response of a fuel cell to a sudden load variation.…”

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confidence: 99%

Effects of operating parameters and load mode on dynamic cell performance of proton exchange membrane fuel cell

et al. 2020

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Summary Utilization of fuel cells as a source of driving power would expose them to dynamic variable loading conditions depending on the driving profile and environmental circumstances. The present research study aims to investigate the dynamic behavior of a single‐cell proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) subjected to various loading modes and operation parameters. A fuel cell with hydrogen gas as fuel has been assembled as the test module. Three different voltage load modes were designed and applied to the cell. The corresponding current variation of the cell as its dynamic response was measured. The dynamic behavior of the cell was examined for various control parameters such as the cell working temperature, inlet humidification temperature, and stoichiometry. The experimental results indicated that the working temperature of 65°C provided the best fuel‐cell performance among the three investigated working temperatures of 45°C, 55°C, and 65°C. At different humidification temperatures, the Ta/Tc = 70°C/60°C humidification condition led to the best fuel cell performance due to the adequate wettability of the membrane. However, the humidification temperature might also have induced a minimal impact on the dynamic response of the fuel cell. Although past studies have indicated that higher stoichiometry achieved better cell performance, the experimental data of this study demonstrated that the cell performance of λa/λc = 1.5/2.0 was better than λa/λc = 1.0/1.0 or 3.0/3.0. The influence of the load modes on the performance of the fuel cell was distinguished when the load was high and driving load changed rapidly. Thus, in the present study, the dynamic behavior of a single cell has been investigated and the outcomes can be directly employed for validation of future theoretical models.

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A review: Exergy analysis of PEM and PEM fuel cell based CHP systems

Cited by 73 publications

References 42 publications

Impact of the temperature on calendar aging of an open cathode fuel cell stack

Impact of the temperature on calendar aging of an open cathode fuel cell stack

A coupled and interactive influence of operational parameters for optimizing power output of cleaner energy production systems under uncertain conditions

Effects of operating parameters and load mode on dynamic cell performance of proton exchange membrane fuel cell

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