Ecological sustainability and biodiversity conservation have become
crucial focal points for researchers and governments worldwide. In
response, Pakistan has implemented various laws and policies aimed at
enhancing forest sustainability and preserving its rich biodiversity.
Despite these efforts, little investigation has been conducted to assess
the effectiveness of these policies. The present study aimed to analyze
the impact of national park policies and laws on various factors,
including biodiversity conservation, water resource protection,
consumptive and non-consumptive benefits, research and education, and
the promotion of recreation and tourism in 19 National Parks of
Pakistan. A mixed-mode research design was utilized, combining both
quantitative and qualitative approaches. Data was gathered from 300
participants through a close-ended questionnaire employing a Likert
scale. Analysis of the collected data was conducted using the SMART PLS
4 software. The findings demonstrate that the existing policies and laws
have significantly contributed to the preservation of forest
sustainability in Pakistan. However, the study also revealed certain
limitations and gaps in the current policies, highlighting the need for
periodic re-evaluation and reform of ecological regulations. To foster a
performance-oriented and change-conscious public sector in the country,
there is a pressing demand for a more dynamic approach to ecological
policy-making. Continuous evaluation and adaptation of policies will be
essential in creating an environment conducive to sustainable
development, meeting the aspirations of stakeholders, and conserving
Pakistan’s valuable natural resources.