A Review and Current Status of Crime Prevention through Environmental Design (CPTED)

Abstract

This article reviews the current status of the concept of Crime Prevention through Environmental Design (CPTED). It provides an overview of its history and origins and defines how it is commonly understood and conceptualized. Globally, CPTED is an increasingly popular crime prevention strategy supported by governments all over Europe, North America, Australia, and New Zealand, as well as in Asia and South Africa. This review inspects some of the evidence associated with CPTED and provides a detailed overview of the main criticisms facing this field.

Hostile urban architecture: A critical discussion of the seemingly offensive art of keeping people away

“…For a review of this approach and its effects, see Cozens and Love (2015). It should also be noted that some of the arguments against using anything like defensive measures at all sometimes comes from the "new urbanism" movement, which is closely affiliated with Jane Jacobs and other giants in the field.…”

Derivation Factors of Smart Space Awareness for Effective CPTED

“…Violent offenders tend to create extensive plans to avoid being caught, and as such, techniques for evading or bypassing various crime prevention methods are becoming more and more advanced. Most existing security systems designed for crime prevention include surveillance cameras and emergency alarms [8,9,10]. While these measures may put some pressure on criminals, they are also relatively easy to evade.…”

Integrating crime prevention into urban design and planning

“…CPTED is one of the most commonly used terms (Cozens and Love, 2015). Its origins are attributed to Jane Jacobs (1961), C. Ray Jeffery (1971) and Oscar Newman (1972).…”

“…An architect, Newman (1972) developed design concepts and features to help create safer urban environments-'defensible space' being the most widely adopted. Other CPTED principles to deter potential offenders include: access control, surveillance, territoriality and urban management (Cozens and Love, 2015;Ekblom, 2009Ekblom, , 2011. For an extensive discussion of the theoretical framework of CPTED and CP-UPD s. Schubert [AK2] (2016 this issue).…”

“…The authors describe not only the origins, development and implementation of the different approaches (Cozens and Love, 2015), but also the extent to which the different approaches embed crime prevention within urban design practice-i.e. the process of shaping cities, towns and villages that involves the design of buildings, areas, spaces and landscapes to meet defined requirements (www.udg.org.uk/careers).…”