A review and critical appraisal of measures of therapist-patient interactions in mental health settings

Abstract

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A Systematic Review and Quality Assessment of Therapeutic Group Process Questionnaires

“…Questionnaires are likely to be the most appropriate approach for clinicians who have busy practices, or researchers seeking to incorporate feedback on group processes during ongoing groups (Burlingame et al, 2015;Slone et al, 2015). However, behavioural coding tools (Bales, 1950;Cahill et al, 2008;Delucia-waack, 1997) have the advantage of reliably measuring fine-grain interactive behaviours often too subtle to the human eye. Furthermore, they can be measured and analysed using automated digital technologies (Heath et al, 2007).…”

“…The second category of measures are behavioural coding tools, which are used to describe and annotate discrete interactive transactions between group members (Bales, 1950;Cahill et al, 2008;Delucia-Waack, 1997). The aim of this approach, also referenced in the literature as in-session coding (Delucia-Waack, 1997) and process analysis of interaction (Beck & Lewis, 2000), is to reliably measure classifications of behaviour occurring in a natural environment (Heath et al, 2010).…”

The assessment of therapist responsiveness in psychotherapy research: a systematic review

“…Therefore, the attunement could be considered a necessary but not sufficient precondition for TR: a therapist who is responsive is also tuned to the patient, but a tuned therapist is not necessarily responsive. Flexibility refers to a therapist's personal characteristics that allows them to adapt the treatment to patients' needs and individuality (Cahill et al, 2009); therefore, training therapists to flexibility is more difficult, in contrast to TR, which is an interpersonal competence that can be easier taught. Finally, empathy refers to the ability to perceive, recognize, and identify oneself with other people's emotions.…”