A reversible transition in liquid Bi under pressure

Emuna, Moran; Matityahu, Shlomi; Yahel, Eyal; Makov, Guy; Greenberg, Yakov

doi:10.1063/1.5001916

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Similarly, while the melting behavior of Bi upon dynamic loading and unloading has been the subject of numerous theoretical and experimental studies 14 – 16 , nothing is known about the structure of the liquid at the very high-pressure conditions (>8 GPa) where melting is predicted to occur under shock compression. Given the number of solid-state phase transformations, and known liquid structural changes at lower pressure 17 , 18 , there is a pressing need to establish liquid structural properties at higher pressures such as above the shock melting point. While the presence of shocked liquid-Bi on release near 5 GPa was recently observed for the first time at an XFEL 4 , the limited angular range of the X-ray data precluded quantitative analysis of the liquid structure similar to that developed in static experiments 19 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Femtosecond diffraction studies of solid and liquid phase changes in shock-compressed bismuth

Gorman

Coleman

Briggs

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

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Bismuth has long been a prototypical system for investigating phase transformations and melting at high pressure. Despite decades of experimental study, however, the lattice-level response of Bi to rapid (shock) compression and the relationship between structures occurring dynamically and those observed during slow (static) compression, are still not clearly understood. We have determined the structural response of shock-compressed Bi to 68 GPa using femtosecond X-ray diffraction, thereby revealing the phase transition sequence and equation-of-state in unprecedented detail for the first time. We show that shocked-Bi exhibits a marked departure from equilibrium behavior - the incommensurate Bi-III phase is not observed, but rather a new metastable phase, and the Bi-V phase is formed at significantly lower pressures compared to static compression studies. We also directly measure structural changes in a shocked liquid for the first time. These observations reveal new behaviour in the solid and liquid phases of a shocked material and give important insights into the validity of comparing static and dynamic datasets.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Femtosecond diffraction studies of solid and liquid phase changes in shock-compressed bismuth

Gorman

Coleman

Briggs

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

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“…As a matter of fact, controversial enthalpy data have been reported using the electrochemical method (e.g., References 69 vs 79), though for Bi, a metal known for its intricate liquid behavior. [80] Despite those limitations, the equilibrium electrochemical method is recognized as the most sensitive to measure Gibbs energy. With this knowledge one can determine the Gibbs energy of mixing, evaluate phase stability, and inform processing models (e.g., undercooling/superheating, nucleation and growth, surface tension, interfacial properties).…”

Section: B Experimental Results and Interpretationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical Methods for the Study of Liquid Metals: Highlights from Metallurgical Transactions

Allanore

2021

Metall Mater Trans B

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Metallurgical Transactions-and its subsequent MMTA and MMTB-has been a home for numerous contributions related to electrochemistry as it applies to solid, but also liquid materials. Herein, a perspective is presented to highlight the utility of electrochemical methods as applied to the study of liquid metals. The review of a subset of papers shows the diversity of experimental options available to investigate the thermodynamic properties of liquid metals, as well as certain limitations. A specific set of results covering the entire range of two liquid binary systems is reviewed as an illustration of the static electrochemical potential difference method. More recent developments offered by dynamic electrochemical potential methods, using direct and alternating currents or containerless configurations, are reviewed. Advances in electrochemical studies of liquid metals bring the prospect of simultaneous thermodynamic and transport properties measurements closer to reality.

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“…Then u(y) [Eq. (22)] reduces to the hard-sphere potential u HS (y) [Eq. ( 14)], and thus g Tak = g HS .…”

Section: Thermodynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The fact that such a liquid structure may be highly non-trivial is reflected by intricate phase diagrams, which include thermodynamic anomalies and/or liquid-liquid phase transitions (LLPTs). [7][8][9][10] Indeed, a growing number of LLPTs have been observed in elemental liquids during the last three decades, e.g., in phosphorus, [11][12][13] selenium, 14,15 sulfur, [15][16][17][18] , bismuth [19][20][21][22] and tellurium. 23,24 In some cases, there exists a general understanding of the mechanism behind an LLPT.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In other cases, the mechanisms behind observed LLPTs have not yet been identified. For example, different types of evidence for several LLPTs in bismuth have been reported, both at high pressures 19,22 and at ambient pressure. 20,28 A recent set of experiments presents further challenges for an understanding of the behavior of this elemental liquid.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bond-counting potentials: A classical many-body model of covalent bonding with exact solutions in one dimension

Matityahu¹,

Argaman²

2019

Phys. Rev. E

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We introduce "bond-counting" potentials, which provide an elementary description of covalent bonding. These simplistic potentials are intended for studies of the mechanisms behind a variety of phase transitions in elemental melts, including the liquid-liquid phase transitions (LLPT) in phosphorus and bismuth. As a first study employing such potentials, an analytic solution of a onedimensional model system is presented, including its thermodynamic properties and its structure factor. In the simplest case, the chemical valency of each atom is 1, and either single atoms or diatomic molecules are present. At low temperatures and moderate pressures, the system consists almost exclusively of molecules, and single atoms act as topological defects. A slightly more complicated case involves a valency of 2, with either single or double bonding. This system exhibits a first-order LLPT from a molecular to a polymeric phase, as in phosphorus. In this case, the onedimensional model system exhibits phase separation for finite-sized systems at low temperatures. A variant of this system also exhibits a non-equilibrium phase transformation upon heating the molecular condensed phase, qualitatively similar to boiling in white phosphorus.

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A reversible transition in liquid Bi under pressure

Cited by 8 publications

References 42 publications

Femtosecond diffraction studies of solid and liquid phase changes in shock-compressed bismuth

Femtosecond diffraction studies of solid and liquid phase changes in shock-compressed bismuth

Electrochemical Methods for the Study of Liquid Metals: Highlights from Metallurgical Transactions

Bond-counting potentials: A classical many-body model of covalent bonding with exact solutions in one dimension

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