A retrospective study on the microbiology in patients with oral complaints and oral mucosal lesions

Dahlén, Gunnar; Blomquist, Sten; Carlén, Anette

doi:10.1111/j.1601-0825.2009.01520.x

Cited by 24 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(38 reference statements)

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“…In contrast, several studies have reported qualitative changes in oral flora during chemotherapy (23)(24)(25). Although such changes in oral flora are not well understood, the incidence of Candida species seems to increase after chemotherapy and radiotherapy for cancer (26), a trend also seen in oral flora obtained from immunocompromised hosts (27). In the present study, we found no significant differences in the prevalence of opportunistic microorganisms between the cancer treatment and control groups.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 42%

Prevalence of drug-resistant opportunistic microorganisms in oral cavity after treatment for oral cancer

et al. 2013

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Drug-resistant opportunistic infectionsmay cause health problems in immunocompromised hosts. Representative microorganisms in opportunistic infections of the oral cavity are Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida albicans. We investigated the prevalence of drugresistant opportunistic microorganisms in elderly adults receiving follow-up examinations after primary treatment of oral cancer. Oral microorganisms were collected from patients satisfactorily treated for oral cancer (defined as good outcomes to date) and a group of healthy adults (controls). After identification of microorganisms, the prevalence of drug-resistant microorganisms was studied. Pulsedfield gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) typing were also performed for methicillin-resistant S aureus (MRSA). Statistical analysis revealed no significant differences in the prevalences of the three microorganisms between the groups. Surprisingly, 69.2% of S aureus isolates showed oxacillin resistance, suggesting that MRSA colonization is increasing among older Japanese. These MRSA isolates possessed SCCmec types II and IV but no representative toxin genes. Our results indicate that a basic infection control strategy, including standard precautions against MRSA, is important for elderly adults, particularly after treatment for oral cancer. (J Oral Sci 55, [145][146][147][148][149][150][151][152][153][154][155] 2013)

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 42%

Prevalence of drug-resistant opportunistic microorganisms in oral cavity after treatment for oral cancer

et al. 2013

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“…Our findings support the idea that the composition of mucosal biofilms is inherently more complex than abiotic surface biofilms [18], [26] since host cells and the resident bacterial flora form part of the biofilm mass. The identification of bacteria within the biofilm mass in situ was not unexpected since bacteria are often co-isolated with Candida from ulcerative lesions of the oral mucosa in humans [27]. However for the first time we provide direct evidence for complex polymicrobial communities in pseudomembranous lesions using an experimental model of Candida infection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

Characterization of Mucosal Candida albicans Biofilms

et al. 2009

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C. albicans triggers recurrent infections of the alimentary tract mucosa that result from biofilm growth. Although the ability of C. albicans to form a biofilm on abiotic surfaces has been well documented in recent years, no information exists on biofilms that form directly on mucosal surfaces. The objectives of this study were to characterize the structure and composition of Candida biofilms forming on the oral mucosa. We found that oral Candida biofilms consist of yeast, hyphae, and commensal bacteria, with keratin dispersed in the intercellular spaces. Neutrophils migrate through the oral mucosa and form nests within the biofilm mass. The cell wall polysaccharide β-glucan is exposed during mucosal biofilm growth and is more uniformly present on the surface of biofilm organisms invading the oral mucosa. We conclude that C. albicans forms complex mucosal biofilms consisting of both commensal bacterial flora and host components. These discoveries are important since they can prompt a shift of focus for current research in investigating the role of Candida-bacterial interactions in the pathogenesis of mucosal infections as well as the role of β-glucan mediated signaling in the host response.

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“…The species distribution in oral mucosal or deep oral infections seems to be very similar to infections in other body sites, with the majority being classified as E. faecalis . Enteroccocci in oral mucosal infections are classical opportunists and, similar to other opportunists such as Candida spp., S. aureus and enteric rods (16), they appear commonly in patients who are immunosuppressed for various reasons. This was also the case in this study, where the patients were generally older and where 62.8% had general and systemic diseases.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are few reports on enterococci in oral mucosal lesions (15). Studies on compromised patients (16–18) have reported higher levels of enterococci than in healthy subjects. In the above-cited studies, enterococci are rarely specified and characterized with respect to phenotype, virulence and antibiotic susceptibility.…”

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confidence: 99%

Virulence factors and antibiotic susceptibility in enterococci isolated from oral mucosal and deep infections

Dahlén

Blomqvist

Almståhl

et al. 2012

Journal of Oral Microbiology

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Objective This study evaluates the presence of virulence factors and antibiotic susceptibility among enterococcal isolates from oral mucosal and deep infections.Methods Forty-three enterococcal strains from oral mucosal lesions and 18 from deep infections were isolated from 830 samples that were sent during 2 years to Oral Microbiology, University of Gothenburg, for analysis. The 61 strains were identified by 16S rDNA, and characterized by the presence of the virulence genes efa A (endocarditis gene), gel E (gelatinase gene), ace (collagen binding antigen gene), asa (aggregation substance gene), cyl A (cytolysin activator gene) and esp (surface adhesin gene), tested for the production of bacteriocins and presence of plasmids. MIC determination was performed using the E-test method against the most commonly used antibiotics in dentistry, for example, penicillin V, amoxicillin and clindamycin. Vancomycin was included in order to detect vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) strains.Results Sixty strains were identified as Enterococcus faecalis and one as Enterococcus faecium. All the virulence genes were detected in more than 93.3% (efa A and esp) of the E. faecalis strains, while the presence of phenotypic characteristics was much lower (gelatinase 10% and hemolysin 16.7%). Forty-six strains produced bacteriocins and one to six plasmids were detected in half of the isolates.Conclusions Enterococcal strains from oral infections had a high virulence capacity, showed bacteriocin production and had numerous plasmids. They were generally susceptible to ampicillins but were resistant to clindamycin, commonly used in dentistry, and no VRE-strain was found.

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A retrospective study on the microbiology in patients with oral complaints and oral mucosal lesions

Cited by 24 publications

References 30 publications

Prevalence of drug-resistant opportunistic microorganisms in oral cavity after treatment for oral cancer

Prevalence of drug-resistant opportunistic microorganisms in oral cavity after treatment for oral cancer

Characterization of Mucosal Candida albicans Biofilms

Virulence factors and antibiotic susceptibility in enterococci isolated from oral mucosal and deep infections

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