A Retrospective Study and Gene Analysis of Canine Sterile Panniculitis

Abstract

ABSTRACT. In this study, a retrospective analysis was conducted to assess the current aspects and predisposing factors of canine sterile panniculitis. Miniature dachshund, neutered, and younger dogs appeared to be predisposed. In addition, histories of previous surgery and injection were associated in 46.5% of the cases, with several types of surgical suture materials used. About 88% of the dogs had multifocal lesions, frequently with signs of systemic illnesses. Whereas systemic immunosuppressive therapy was effective in most dogs, surgical excision of lesions was rarely curative. In order to prevent recurrences, over 65% of the cases required prolonged immunosuppressive therapy. Polymorphism of canine α 1 AT gene was investigated as a candidate gene for sterile panniculitis. Eight polymorphisms were discovered in seven Miniature dachshunds by direct nucleotide sequencing, which included a 12-bp deletion, three non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms, and four silent substitutions. Genotyping of the two polymorphisms, c.109_120del12 and c.483A>C, which identified at high incidence in the dachshunds, was conducted in 83 dogs of 6 popular breeds. The frequencies of neither polymorphism differed between Miniature dachshunds and other breeds, suggesting that neither is responsible for developing panniculitis. KEY WORDS: miniature dachshund, panniculitis, polymorphism, surgery.J. Vet. Med. Sci. 69(9): 915-924, 2007

Three Cases of Idiopathic Sterile Pyogranulomatous Inflammation of Epidural Fat in Miniature Dachshunds

“…Relatively few cases have been reported in dogs, and the cause and pathogenesis of these conditions are unknown. Dogs with sterile pyogranulomatous inflammation are controlled mainly with systemic corticosteroid [14,15,18]. A recent study found that idiopathic sterile pyogranulomatous inflammation of epidural fat caused spinal cord compression in five Miniature Dachshunds [3].…”

“…These dogs had similar symptoms of intervertebral disk herniation (IVDH), including back pain, paresis, or paraplegia. The Miniature Dachshund is predisposed to sterile pyogranulomatous inflammation, as well as IVDH [17,18]. Idiopathic sterile pyogranulomatous inflammation of epidural fat may therefore be a cause of thoracolumbar myelopathy in dogs.…”

“…It has been reported that castrated or spayed dogs are predisposed to sterile panniculitis [18]. Physical invasion in a surgical process, or the local inflammatory reaction caused by foreign materials (i.e., residual sutures), may have triggered the development of this disease.…”

“…The present report indicates that there was generally multiple region involvement. Dogs with sterile pyogranulomatous inflammation have a good outcome by systemic corticosteroid [14,15,18]. However, long-term management with corticosteroid is difficult because of the drug's side effects, for example, hepatotoxicity, iatrogenic hyperadrenocorticism, gastrointestinal ulceration, polyuria-polydipsia, and polyphagia [1,11].…”

Canine Sterile Nodular Panniculitis: A Retrospective Study of 14 Cases

“…SNP is an idiopathic disorder 1,3–5 that is either primary in origin or associated with a variety of other illnesses, including pancreatic nodular hyperplasia, 6 pancreatic neoplasia, 7–9 pancreatitis, 10 and immunologic diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis 11 and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) 3 . Concurrent inflammation of fat in the abdomen, 12 epidural space, 13 and bone 7 can occur in dogs with SNP, as can other inflammatory conditions such as polyarthritis 7 .…”