A retrospective investigation of hexavalent chromium allergy in southern Sweden

Lejding, Tina; Mowitz, Martin; Isaksson, Marléne; Bruze, M.; Pontén, Ann; Svedman, Cecilia; Zimerson, Erik; Engfeldt, Malin

doi:10.1111/cod.12969

Cited by 29 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Chromate allergy was diagnosed in 4 of 24 workers. As a comparison, the frequency of positive reactions to potassium dichromate among consecutive patch tested male dermatitis patients at our unit between 2005 and 2014 was 3.1% . The duration of employment of the 4 chromate‐positive workers ranged from 2 to 21 years.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chromate and amine contact allergies in workers manufacturing precast concrete elements

et al. 2016

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chromate and amine contact allergies in workers manufacturing precast concrete elements

et al. 2016

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“…Also historically, ACD caused by chromium in cement was the most common cause of disability attributable to skin disease in some countries, as reported in Sweden. However, a legislation change in 1989 aimed to reduce the presence of chromium in cement caused a rapid decrease in sensitizations, thus proving an example of a useful prevention strategy . Of note, the use of diphenylcarbazide as a colorimetric spot test reagent has been suggested as a good method for detecting the release of chromium ions from leather products …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trend of relevant contact allergens of the feet in Spain over a period of 10 years

et al. 2019

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Introduction Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) of the feet accounts for approximately 10% of all patch tested patients. Objective To study the clinical profile of patients with feet dermatitis and relevant contact allergens in Spain over a 10‐year period. Methods Retrospective observational study of patients with suspected ACD from the GEIDAC (Spanish Research Group on Contact Dermatitis and Cutaneous Allergy) baseline series from eight hospitals in Spain between 2004 and 2014. The clinical data collected from each patient were age, sex, occupation, history of atopic dermatitis, and eczema location. Results A total of 450 cases clinically presented dermatitis affecting the feet; of these, 41% of were males and 5.6% were suspected to be of occupational origin. As much as 47% were diagnosed with ACD, 20% with atopic dermatitis/dyshidrotic eczema, and 5% with psoriasis. The “feet group” included statistically significantly more females in the age range of 21 to 60 years. The most frequent relevant contact allergens were potassium dichromate, cobalt(II) chloride, p‐tert‐butylphenol formaldehyde resin, mercapto mix, and mercaptobenzothiazole. Conclusions ACD is the most frequent clinical diagnosis of feet dermatitis in our series. The most frequent allergens are similar to those published in other series of foot ACD in Europe and the trend has not changed in the studied decade.

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“…In 2005, the EU Directive (2003/53/EC) came into effect, and included the aforementioned limit for chromate in cement. The early legislation on the chromate concentration in cement in Sweden explains the low prevalence in males, because of a reduction in the prevalence of chromate allergy in construction workers . A high prevalence of chromium allergy in males in Portugal (1.7%) may be explained by late implementation of the regulation on chromate in cement.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of contact allergy to metals in the European general population with a focus on nickel and piercings: The EDEN Fragrance Study

et al. 2018

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BackgroundStudies on sensitization to metals in the general population are scarce.ObjectivesTo determine the prevalence of sensitization to metals in the general population, and factors associated with nickel sensitization.MethodsIn 5 European countries (The Netherlands, Germany, Italy, Portugal and Sweden), a random sample (N = 3119) from the general population (aged 18‐74 years) was patch tested and interviewed by use of a questionnaire on exposure to metals, piercing, and jewellery.ResultsOverall, the age‐standardized prevalences of sensitization to nickel, cobalt and chromium were, respectively, 14.5%, 2.1%, and 0.8%. The highest prevalence of nickel sensitization was seen in Portugal (18.5%) and the lowest (8.3%) in Sweden. The prevalence of cobalt sensitization varied between 3.8% (The Netherlands) and 0.9% (Italy), and the prevalence of chromium sensitization varied between 1.3% (Portugal) and 0.2% (Sweden). Significant associations were observed between nickel allergy and female sex (odds ratio [OR] 5.19; 95% confidence interval [95%CI]: 3.99‐6.74), past piercing use (OR 3.86; 95%CI: 2.85‐5.24), and currently having ≥3 piercings (OR 5.58; 95%CI: 4.02‐7.76).ConclusionsThe prevalence of sensitization to metals in the European general population was high, mostly because of nickel. The lowest prevalence of contact allergy to nickel and chromium observed in Sweden supports the effectiveness of long‐standing regulation.

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A retrospective investigation of hexavalent chromium allergy in southern Sweden

Abstract: A relatively high frequency of contact allergy to Cr(VI) was found. The cause has shifted from cement exposure to other exposures, probably mainly leather.

Cited by 29 publications

References 38 publications

Chromate and amine contact allergies in workers manufacturing precast concrete elements

Chromate and amine contact allergies in workers manufacturing precast concrete elements

Trend of relevant contact allergens of the feet in Spain over a period of 10 years

Prevalence of contact allergy to metals in the European general population with a focus on nickel and piercings: The EDEN Fragrance Study

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