A retrospective analysis of the leptospirosis research in Colombia

Dechner, Andrea

doi:10.3855/jidc.3123

Cited by 15 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Most previous studies have evaluated regional incidence of human leptospirosis at department scale in Colombia 15,16,30,31,32 , and to the best of our knowledge, our study is the first that demonstrates the existence of four hotspots of high human leptospirosis incidence at municipal level. At the regional level, our results are consistent with those observed by other authors, particularly in the Uraba region 33 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

Environmental and socioeconomic determinants of leptospirosis incidence in Colombia

et al. 2019

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Human leptospirosis is an infection that most often affects tropical countries. Since 2007, Colombia requires the notification of disease cases, enabling the observation of an increase in cases in recent years. The objectives of this article were to analyze environmental and socioeconomic variables and to evaluate their relationship with human leptospirosis cases. This is an ecological study on human leptospirosis cases aggregated by municipality and reported between 2007 and 2016. Spatial aggregation assessment was made using the Getis-Ord Gi method, and negative binomial regression was used to evaluate the relationship between environmental and socioeconomic variables with human leptospirosis. During the study period, 9,928 cases of human leptospirosis were reported, and 58.9% of municipalities reported at least one case. Four hotspots of human leptospirosis, including 18 municipalities, were identified. The results of the negative binomial model confirmed the importance of the effects of education, poverty and some climatic variables on the decadal incidence rate of human leptospirosis. Our results confirm the importance of socioeconomic determinants such as social marginality associated with violence and education, as well as ecological variables such as rainfall, height above sea level and forest coverage on the incidence rate of human leptospirosis at municipal scale.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

Environmental and socioeconomic determinants of leptospirosis incidence in Colombia

et al. 2019

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“…Leptospirosis is a potentially fatal zoonosis with a worldwide distribution, endemic in tropical regions that can even cause epidemics after rainy seasons [2,14,15,20,22,23]. The incidence of human leptospirosis has increased from 0.2 cases /100 000 people in 2005 to 1.0 cases /100 000 in 2015.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Leptospirosis is a re-emerging disease with worldwide distribution, with higher incidence in the developing world [1][2][3][4]. The disease is encountered in both urban and rural settings in countries with tropical, subtropical, or mild climate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of gender in the prevalence of human leptospirosis in Albania

Puca¹,

Pipero²,

Harxhi³

et al. 2018

J Infect Dev Ctries

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Introduction: Leptospirosis is a zoonotic spirochetal disease with global importance, which continues to have a major impact on public health in developing countries. The prevalence of the disease is much higher in males. The objectives of this study were: to give some data and to share our experience with human leptospirosis in Albania; to describe the prevalence regarding to the role of gender in the prevalence of human leptospirosis; to make a gender specific analysis of the clinical manifestations in patients diagnosed and treated for leptospirosis in our service and to make a review of literature related to this hypothesis. Methodology: We reviewed the epidemiologic data, risk factors and differences in clinical presentation between males and females’ patients with leptospirosis. These data are analysed from hospitalized patients. Diagnosis of leptospirosis was established based on clinical presentation, epidemiological data and subsequently confirmed serologically by Anti-Leptospira IgM antibodies through ELISA test. Results: Between 2005-2016, 233 cases of confirmed leptospirosis were analysed. Males were 208 (89.27%) and 25 of patients (10.72%) were females in ratio 9:1 p < 0.001. The highest prevalence was observed in the 45-64 age groups. Overall mortality was found to be 8.58%, 19 were males and one female p < 0.001. Conclusions: There is a much higher prevalence of leptospirosis in middle aged men. Mortality rate seems to be similar in males and females. While the difference in prevalence may be related to exposure to risk factors, further investigation is necessary to study gender-based genetic and immunological predisposition.

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“…The disease is subdiagnosed; reports in humans are scarce due the lack of knowledge, the need of accurate diagnostic methods and the similarity of clinical signs with common diseases in the tropics such as Zika virus, yellow fever, dengue and malaria, among others [7,13,26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alteration of the Reproductive Indicators by the Presence of Leptospira spp. in Sows of Swine Farms

Ospina-Pinto

Rincón-Pardo

Soler-Tovar

et al. 2019

Acta Scientiae. Vet.

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Background:Leptospirosis is a worldwide disease that impacts health, welfare and animal production. Manifestations in swine range from subclinical to severe cases of reproductive failure, generating abortions, embryonic resorption, litters with few piglets, and piglets born weak or dead, which causes great economic losses. Tropical conditions in Colombia favor transmission and maintenance of Leptospira, highlighting the importance of implementing direct diagnostic techniques such as isolation through culture to reach a definitive diagnosis. The objective of the present study was to relate reproductive indicators behavior with the presence of Leptospira spp. in two pig farms in Cundinamarca, Colombia. Materials, Methods & Results:Sows in reproductive stage in two pig farms were selected. A clinical examination of the animals was performed to demonstrate the presence of signs suggestive of Leptospirosis, also the sow records were reviewed to find reports of any of these clinical manifestations, and the average of the reproductive indicators was calculated to set which were altered in the sows. Blood and urine samples were obtained and analyzed by microscopic agglutination test (MAT) and isolation through culture, respectively. Among the altered reproductive indicators were identified: total pigs born (TPB) in 72.5%, stillbirths (SB) by 70%, mummified pigs (MUM) in a 52.5%, pre-weaning death (PWD) by 40% and the 24 h mortality (M24h) in the 20%. The 77.5% of the sows were positive by MAT. The predominant serovars of Leptospira spp. included Grippotyphosa (67.5%), Canicola (22.5%), Icterohaemorrhagiae (20%), Hardjo (17.5%) and Pomona (12.5%). The bacterium was isolated in 32.5% of the analyzed urine samples. There is increased risk of alteration in the indicators M24h (1.27), TPB (1.08), SB (1.15) and MUM (1.27) with the presence of Leptospira by isolation through culture. Discussion: The birth of weak piglets and the alteration of indicators such as SB were the most common findings in this study, which are of the major alterations caused by the bacteria because Leptospira can be located in the uterus. Positive cultures, 32.5% (13/40), indicate a high percentage of positive animals in the population. The total of positive culture results reveal that humans, pigs and other animal species from the farms and surrounding areas, are at risk of exposure to the bacteria, because these positive sows are eliminating the microorganism through urine to the environment, representing a problem for public health. This is why it is important to perform the identification of bacteria in urine. It establishes whether the animal is a carrier, although the non-detection of the microorganism in the urine does not rule out that this is a chronic renal carrier because it may indicate that at the moment of the test the animal was not excreting detectable amounts of the bacteria. The total of positive sera (77.5%) indicates a high seropositivity of swine leptospirosis in the population. Regarding serovars of Leptospira spp. identified, Grip...

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A retrospective analysis of the leptospirosis research in Colombia

Cited by 15 publications

References 37 publications

Environmental and socioeconomic determinants of leptospirosis incidence in Colombia

Environmental and socioeconomic determinants of leptospirosis incidence in Colombia

The role of gender in the prevalence of human leptospirosis in Albania

Alteration of the Reproductive Indicators by the Presence of Leptospira spp. in Sows of Swine Farms

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