A retrospective analysis of recurrence risk factors for granulomatous lobular mastitis in 130 patients: more attention should be paied to prolactin level

Huang, Ya‐Jing; Wu, Hao

doi:10.21037/apm-20-1972

Cited by 19 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Breast skin lesions were associated with a significantly higher odds of recurrence [ 35 ]. The difference of prolactin (PRL) level before and after treatment was an independent risk factor for recurrence and patients presenting with higher PRL after treatment than before treatment had a higher risk of recurrence [ 87 ].…”

Section: Relapse and Recurrence Of Glmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Management of granulomatous lobular mastitis: an international multidisciplinary consensus (2021 edition)

et al. 2022

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Granulomatous lobular mastitis (GLM) is a rare and chronic benign inflammatory disease of the breast. Difficulties exist in the management of GLM for many front-line surgeons and medical specialists who care for patients with inflammatory disorders of the breast. This consensus is summarized to establish evidence-based recommendations for the management of GLM. Literature was reviewed using PubMed from January 1, 1971 to July 31, 2020. Sixty-six international experienced multidisciplinary experts from 11 countries or regions were invited to review the evidence. Levels of evidence were determined using the American College of Physicians grading system, and recommendations were discussed until consensus. Experts discussed and concluded 30 recommendations on historical definitions, etiology and predisposing factors, diagnosis criteria, treatment, clinical stages, relapse and recurrence of GLM. GLM was recommended as a widely accepted definition. In addition, this consensus introduced a new clinical stages and management algorithm for GLM to provide individual treatment strategies. In conclusion, diagnosis of GLM depends on a combination of history, clinical manifestations, imaging examinations, laboratory examinations and pathology. The approach to treatment of GLM should be applied according to the different clinical stage of GLM. This evidence-based consensus would be valuable to assist front-line surgeons and medical specialists in the optimal management of GLM.

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Section: Relapse and Recurrence Of Glmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Management of granulomatous lobular mastitis: an international multidisciplinary consensus (2021 edition)

et al. 2022

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“…Not only can hyperprolactinemia trigger IGM, but it may also prolong the course of the disease and increase the risk of recurrence. 19,20 Although galactosis is a key factor associated with IGM, it is not essential for pathogenesis as the disease also occurs in men and postmenopausal women. [21][22][23]…”

Section: Pathogenesis Of Igmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Idiopathic Granulomatous Mastitis: Diagnosis and Histopathologic Features, A Review

et al. 2022

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Background: Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis (IGM) is a rare benign inflammatory breast condition, mostly affecting women of reproductive age within a few years of pregnancy. Due to diverse clinical and radiologic features, IGM can mimic a vast spectrum of breast conditions. Therefore, histological findings are one of the most essential bases of diagnosis. Methods: A literature search was performed to review the characteristics of IGM with an emphasis on histopathological features in English sources from 2010 to 2022. The key words used for PubMed database search were “breast”, “granulomatous mastitis”, “histopathology”, and “pathology.” Results: In total, 192 articles were retrieved, from which 38 most relevant manuscripts were selected for this review article. Conclusion: The diagnosis of IGM depends on clinical, radiologic, and pathologic findings. Palpable mass is the most frequent complaint. An irregular hypoechoic mass with varying degrees of posterior phenomena is the most common sonographic finding. Histologically, IGM is characterized by a non-caseating lobulocentric granulomatous inflammation; composed of tight aggregates of epithelioid histiocytes with or without multinucleated giant cells. At times, the presence of cystic empty vacuoles lined by neutrophils is noted that is commonly associated with cystic neutrophilic granulomatous mastitis (CNGM), a variant of IGM. Atypical findings for IGM includes: The presence of atypia and/or malignancy, caseous necrosis, marked eosinophilic infiltration, absence of granulomatous inflammation, etc.

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“…Pathological examination is the gold standard for GLM diagnosis. The possible etiology includes autoimmune-related conditions ( 4 , 5 ), bacterial infection ( 6 , 7 ) and hyperprolactinemia ( 8 ). However, the etiology and mechanism of GLM remain controversial.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential expression profiles of miRNA in granulomatous lobular mastitis and identification of possible biomarkers

et al. 2022

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The etiology and pathogenesis of granulomatous lobular mastitis (GLM) remain largely elusive and the expression levels and regulatory roles of microRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) in GLM have remained mostly undetermined. In the present study, the miRNAs that were differentially expressed in breast biopsy samples from patients with GLM and normal tissue adjacent to fibroadenoma were analyzed, a comprehensive differential expression profile of miRNAs was provided and potential biomarkers were screened out. The expression profile of miRNAs was determined by high-throughput sequencing in the tissues of patients with GLM and healthy controls. Significantly differentially expressed miRNAs were screened by threshold setting and cluster analysis and their target genes were analyzed by Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment. Finally, circulating differentially expressed miRNAs between the GLM and control groups were further analyzed by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). A total of 31,077 miRNAs were detected by high-throughput sequencing. By using the cutoff criteria of |log2 fold change|>2.5 and q<0.001, 13 miRNAs that were indicated to be GLM biomarkers were screened out. The expression levels of these 13 miRNAs in the GLM group were higher than those in the control group. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses suggested that the occurrence and development of GLM may be associated with autoimmune inflammation, metabolism and pathogenic organisms. miR-451a and miR-5571-3p were confirmed to be significantly increased in the serum of patients with GLM compared with their levels in the serum of healthy volunteers, which suggests that they may be used as biomarkers of GLM. To the best of our knowledge, the present study was the first report detailing genome-wide miRNA profiling of patients with GLM compared with controls. The possible targets and pathways of GLM were evaluated by bioinformatics analysis. The present study identified 13 differentially expressed miRNAs with important theoretical significance and potential application. Furthermore, miR-451a and miR-5571-3p were verified by RT-qPCR as possible biomarkers of GLM.

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A retrospective analysis of recurrence risk factors for granulomatous lobular mastitis in 130 patients: more attention should be paied to prolactin level

Cited by 19 publications

References 22 publications

Management of granulomatous lobular mastitis: an international multidisciplinary consensus (2021 edition)

Management of granulomatous lobular mastitis: an international multidisciplinary consensus (2021 edition)

Idiopathic Granulomatous Mastitis: Diagnosis and Histopathologic Features, A Review

Differential expression profiles of miRNA in granulomatous lobular mastitis and identification of possible biomarkers

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