A reticulocyte-binding protein complex of plasmodium vivax merozoites

Galinski, Mary R.; Medina, Claudia Corredor; Ingravallo, Paul; Barnwell, John W.

doi:10.1016/0092-8674(92)90642-p

Cited by 337 publications

(327 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Based on these observations, it is likely that the new members of these gene families, as well as 133 ring-and 156 schizont-specific, nonsyntenic, hypothetical genes expressed during the IDC (Fig. 1B), represent important factors associated with the P. vivax selectivity for young erythrocytes (21) and/or immune evasion. Pearson correlation comparisons between the P. vivax and P. falciparum IDC transcriptomes (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The transcriptome of Plasmodium vivax reveals divergence and diversity of transcriptional regulation in malaria parasites

Bozdech

Mok

et al. 2008

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

244

272

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Plasmodium vivax causes over 100 million clinical infections each year. Primarily because of the lack of a suitable culture system, our understanding of the biology of this parasite lags significantly behind that of the more deadly species P. falciparum. Here, we present the complete transcriptional profile throughout the 48-h intraerythrocytic cycle of three distinct P. vivax isolates. This approach identifies strain specific patterns of expression for subsets of genes predicted to encode proteins associated with virulence and host pathogen interactions. Comparison to P. falciparum revealed significant differences in the expression of genes involved in crucial cellular functions that underpin the biological differences between the two parasite species. These data provide insights into the biology of P. vivax and constitute an important resource for the development of therapeutic approaches.comparative genomics ͉ Plasmodium falciparum I t is now increasingly recognized that P. vivax infections contribute significantly to the burden of malaria (1, 2). In all endemic areas except for Africa, P. vivax is often the dominant species, and at least 100 million cases are reported annually (2, 3). Although vivax malaria is clinically less likely than P. falciparum to develop into a life threatening disease, it exerts a substantial toll on the individual's health and economic well being. The chronic, long-lasting nature of the infection contributes substantially to morbidity. Chronicity is because of hypnozoites, dormant liver stages from which fresh blood infection or relapses originate up to 2 years after the infectious bite (4). The presence of hypnozoites make infections by P. vivax difficult to cure radically and pose a serious obstacle to the control and eventual eradication of this parasite.The description of the P. falciparum genome (5) and staged erythrocytic transcriptome (6, 7) has provided an invaluable resource for the study of this important species. It would be of fundamental and practical interest to do the same for P. vivax because there are important biological and clinical differences between this species and P. falciparum, whose basis is currently unknown (8). For example, the presence of circulating mature erythrocytic stages of P. vivax would suggest that multigene families and processes implicated in antigenic variation and immune evasion are quite different to P. falciparum, whose mature asexual red cell stages generally sequester. Unlike P. falciparum, P. vivax has a selective preference for infecting reticulocytes (9), strongly suggesting an alternate red cell attachment invasion mechanism. In contrast to the rigid, sticky and knobby P. falciparum infected red cell, P. vivax remodels the host-cell membranes to produce a highly deformable erythrocyte characterized by numerous caveola-vesicle complexes (10-12). Finally, the kinetics of gametocyte production in P. vivax is also different than P. falciparum, with P. vivax gametocytes appearing much earlier and being relatively short lived (8). Aside ...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The transcriptome of Plasmodium vivax reveals divergence and diversity of transcriptional regulation in malaria parasites

Bozdech

Mok

et al. 2008

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

244

272

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“…In vitro studies showing that P. knowlesi invades Duffy-negative erythrocytes treated with trypsin and neuraminidase (33) suggest that P. knowlesi possess additional erythrocyte invasion ligands enabling Duffy-independent bloodstage infection. Whether our results signal local evolution of a new P. vivax erythrocyte invasion pathway, or indicate the existence of yet-uncharacterized erythrocyte invasion mechanisms involving DBPs and/or reticulocyte binding proteins (34,35), remains to be clarified.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasmodium vivax clinical malaria is commonly observed in Duffy-negative Malagasy people

Ménard

Barnadas

Bouchier

et al. 2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

350

354

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Malaria therapy, experimental, and epidemiological studies have shown that erythrocyte Duffy blood group-negative people, largely of African ancestry, are resistant to erythrocyte Plasmodium vivax infection. These findings established a paradigm that the Duffy antigen is required for P. vivax erythrocyte invasion. P. vivax is endemic in Madagascar, where admixture of Duffy-negative and Duffy-positive populations of diverse ethnic backgrounds has occurred over 2 millennia. There, we investigated susceptibility to P. vivax blood-stage infection and disease in association with Duffy blood group polymorphism. Duffy blood group genotyping identified 72% Duffy-negative individuals (FY*B ES /*B ES ) in community surveys conducted at eight sentinel sites. Flow cytometry and adsorption-elution results confirmed the absence of Duffy antigen expression on Duffy-negative erythrocytes. P. vivax PCR positivity was observed in 8.8% (42/476) of asymptomatic Duffy-negative people. Clinical vivax malaria was identified in Duffy-negative subjects with nine P. vivax monoinfections and eight mixed Plasmodium species infections that included P. vivax (4.9 and 4.4% of 183 participants, respectively). Microscopy examination of blood smears confirmed blood-stage development of P. vivax, including gametocytes. Genotyping of polymorphic surface and microsatellite markers suggested that multiple P. vivax strains were infecting Duffy-negative people. In Madagascar, P. vivax has broken through its dependence on the Duffy antigen for establishing human blood-stage infection and disease. Further studies are necessary to identify the parasite and host molecules that enable this Duffyindependent P. vivax invasion of human erythrocytes.erythrocyte | evolution | DARC | Madagascar

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“…The PfRh (P. falciparum reticulocyte-binding-like proteins) family of proteins is homologous to Py235 and PvRBP (P. vivax reticulocyte-binding proteins) in P. yoelii and P. vivax, respectively. In P. vivax, two proteins have been identified (PvRBP1 and 2) that bind to reticulocytes; these proteins have been hypothesized to play a role in the preference of P. vivax for invasion of these specific host cells [58]. PvRBP1 and 2 are located at the apical end of 45 and GAP50 to the parasite cytoskeleton comprising the inner membrane particles (IMP), the subpellicular filaments (IMC network) subtending the IMC, and the microtubules.…”

Section: Reorientation and Initiation Of A Junctional Contactmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular and functional aspects of parasite invasion

Soldati

Foth

Cowman

2004

Trends in Parasitology

109

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Apicomplexan parasites have evolved an efficient mechanism to gain entry into non-phagocytic cells, hence challenging their hosts by the establishment of infection in immuno-privileged tissues. Gliding motility is a prerequisite for the invasive stage of most apicomplexans, allowing them to migrate across tissues, and actively invade and egress host cells. In the late 1960s, detailed morphological studies revealed that motile apicomplexans share an elaborate architecture comprising a subpellicular cytoskeleton and apical organelles. Since 1993, the development of technologies for transient and stable transfection have provided powerful tools with which to identify gene products associated with these structures and organelles, as well as to understand their functions. In combination with access to several parasite genomes, it is now possible to compare and contrast the strategies and molecular machines that have been selectively designed by distinct life stages within a species, or by different apicomplexan species, to optimize infection

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A reticulocyte-binding protein complex of plasmodium vivax merozoites

Cited by 337 publications

References 41 publications

The transcriptome of Plasmodium vivax reveals divergence and diversity of transcriptional regulation in malaria parasites

The transcriptome of Plasmodium vivax reveals divergence and diversity of transcriptional regulation in malaria parasites

Plasmodium vivax clinical malaria is commonly observed in Duffy-negative Malagasy people

Molecular and functional aspects of parasite invasion

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