“…The current NHRD literature provides definitions of NHRD (McLean, 2004;Yang, D. Zang, & M. Zang, 2004;Bartlett & Rodgers, 2004;Lynham & Cunningham, 2004;Scotland, 2004;Cooper, 2004;Cox, Arkoubi, & Estrada, 2006;Hasler, Thompson, & Schuler, 2006;Cunningham, Lynham, & Weatherly, 2006); pressures and imperatives to NHRD, alternative NHRD models, importance and challenges of NHRD, attributes of excellent NHRD and its desirable outcomes (Cho & McLean, 2004;Lynham & Cunningham, 2006), theories behind NHRD (Paprock, 2006), country experiences in implementing NHRD (2004 and 2006 NHRD country's case studies), and some debates over the new emergence of NHRD (Wang, 2008;Wang, Korte, & Sun, 2008;Wang & Swanson, 2008a;McLean et al, 2008).…”