A Resourceful Race: Bacterial Scavenging of Host Sulfur Metabolism during Colonization

Kies, Paige J.; Hammer, Neal D.

doi:10.1128/iai.00579-21

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sulfide serves as a substrate for biosynthesis of cysteine and then cysteine can be converted into hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) via various enzymes [ 73 ]. In mammalian cells, three type of H 2 S producing enzymes have been identified as follows: cystathionine β-synthase (CBS), cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE), and 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase [ 73 ]. The presence of homologues for CBS and CSE in M. intracellulare genome suggest that M. intracellulare has the capacity to generate H 2 S. Although H 2 S, initially thought to be an intermediate metabolite of sulfur metabolism produced by bacteria, previous studies have reported that H 2 S plays important physiological roles, such as modulating the host immune response and maintaining redox homeostasis in many bacterial species [ 64 , 74 , 75 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prominent transcriptomic changes in Mycobacterium intracellulare under acidic and oxidative stress

Park,

Kim,

Shin

et al. 2024

BMC Genomics

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Background Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC), including Mycobacterium intracellulare is a member of slow-growing mycobacteria and contributes to a substantial proportion of nontuberculous mycobacterial lung disease in humans affecting immunocompromised and elderly populations. Adaptation of pathogens in hostile environments is crucial in establishing infection and persistence within the host. However, the sophisticated cellular and molecular mechanisms of stress response in M. intracellulare still need to be fully explored. We aimed to elucidate the transcriptional response of M. intracellulare under acidic and oxidative stress conditions. Results At the transcriptome level, 80 genes were shown [FC] ≥ 2.0 and p < 0.05 under oxidative stress with 10 mM hydrogen peroxide. Specifically, 77 genes were upregulated, while 3 genes were downregulated. In functional analysis, oxidative stress conditions activate DNA replication, nucleotide excision repair, mismatch repair, homologous recombination, and tuberculosis pathways. Additionally, our results demonstrate that DNA replication and repair system genes, such as dnaB, dinG, urvB, uvrD2, and recA, are indispensable for resistance to oxidative stress. On the contrary, 878 genes were shown [FC] ≥ 2.0 and p < 0.05 under acidic stress with pH 4.5. Among these genes, 339 were upregulated, while 539 were downregulated. Functional analysis highlighted nitrogen and sulfur metabolism pathways as the primary responses to acidic stress. Our findings provide evidence of the critical role played by nitrogen and sulfur metabolism genes in the response to acidic stress, including narGHIJ, nirBD, narU, narK3, cysND, cysC, cysH, ferredoxin 1 and 2, and formate dehydrogenase. Conclusion Our results suggest the activation of several pathways potentially critical for the survival of M. intracellulare under a hostile microenvironment within the host. This study indicates the importance of stress responses in M. intracellulare infection and identifies promising therapeutic targets.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prominent transcriptomic changes in Mycobacterium intracellulare under acidic and oxidative stress

Park,

Kim,

Shin

et al. 2024

BMC Genomics

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The many roles of sulfur in the fungal–host interaction

Amich

2024

Current Opinion in Microbiology

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Comparative genomic and transcriptomic analyses reveal distinct response strategies to hypoxia by Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolates of clinical and aquatic animal origins

Xu,

Zhang,

et al. 2024

Ann Microbiol

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Purpose Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a leading seafood borne pathogen worldwide. The aim of this study was to decipher the response mechanism of V. parahaemolyticus isolates of clinical and aquatic animal origins to the hypoxic condition, which challenges the bacterial survival in the host and in the environment. Methods Growth profiles of V. parahaemolyticus isolates (n = 5) of clinical and aquatic animal origins were examined at different stress conditions (osmolality, acid, temperature, and O2 concentrations). Draft genomes of the V. parahaemolyticus isolates were determined using the Illumina sequencing technique. Comparative genomic analysis were performed to identify and validate the hypoxic tolerance-related genes. Results The V. parahaemolyticus isolates had an oxygen concentration-dependent growth mode, and the 10% O2 condition strongly inhibited the bacterial growth, when incubated in TSB medium (pH 8.5, 3% NaCl) at 37 °C. Unexpectedly, in marked contrast to the normal 21% O2 condition, the 10% O2 treatment for 24 h significantly increased biofilm formation of V. parahaemolyticus isolates (p < 0.05). Draft genome sequences of four V. parahaemolyticus isolates of aquatic animal origins were determined (4.914–5.3530 Mb), which carried mobile genetic elements (n = 12–29). Genome-wide gene expression changes triggered by the hypoxic condition were further examined. Comparative transcriptomic analyses unveiled multiple molecular strategies employed by the bacterium to mitigate the cell damage caused by the hypoxia. Of note, the pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus ATCC17802 down-regulated and/or shut down ten metabolic pathways to reduce cell viability and maintain cell structure under the hypoxic stress. Conclusions The results of this study fill prior gaps in the response mechanism of V. parahaemolyticus to the hypoxic condition. Different tolerance to hypoxia contributes to the persistence of pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus in the niches.

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A Resourceful Race: Bacterial Scavenging of Host Sulfur Metabolism during Colonization

Abstract: Sulfur is a requirement for life. Therefore, both the host and colonizing bacteria must regulate sulfur metabolism in a coordinated fashion to meet cellular demands.

Cited by 3 publications

References 122 publications

Prominent transcriptomic changes in Mycobacterium intracellulare under acidic and oxidative stress

Prominent transcriptomic changes in Mycobacterium intracellulare under acidic and oxidative stress

The many roles of sulfur in the fungal–host interaction

Comparative genomic and transcriptomic analyses reveal distinct response strategies to hypoxia by Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolates of clinical and aquatic animal origins

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