A resonance frequency technique to determine elastic modulus of hydroxyapatite

Torgalkar, Anil M.

doi:10.1002/jbm.820130609

Cited by 23 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 18 publications

(2 reference statements)

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“…Young’s (or elastic) modulus of dense HA bioceramics is in the range of 35–120 GPa [338,339], which is more or less similar to those of the most resistant components of the natural calcified tissues (dental enamel: ~74 GPa, dentine: ~21 GPa, compact bone: ~18–22 GPa). This value depends on porosity [340].…”

Section: The Major Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calcium Orthophosphate-Based Bioceramics

Dorozhkin¹

2013

Materials

228

153

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Various types of grafts have been traditionally used to restore damaged bones. In the late 1960s, a strong interest was raised in studying ceramics as potential bone grafts due to their biomechanical properties. A bit later, such synthetic biomaterials were called bioceramics. In principle, bioceramics can be prepared from diverse materials but this review is limited to calcium orthophosphate-based formulations only, which possess the specific advantages due to the chemical similarity to mammalian bones and teeth. During the past 40 years, there have been a number of important achievements in this field. Namely, after the initial development of bioceramics that was just tolerated in the physiological environment, an emphasis was shifted towards the formulations able to form direct chemical bonds with the adjacent bones. Afterwards, by the structural and compositional controls, it became possible to choose whether the calcium orthophosphate-based implants remain biologically stable once incorporated into the skeletal structure or whether they were resorbed over time. At the turn of the millennium, a new concept of regenerative bioceramics was developed and such formulations became an integrated part of the tissue engineering approach. Now calcium orthophosphate scaffolds are designed to induce bone formation and vascularization. These scaffolds are often porous and harbor different biomolecules and/or cells. Therefore, current biomedical applications of calcium orthophosphate bioceramics include bone augmentations, artificial bone grafts, maxillofacial reconstruction, spinal fusion, periodontal disease repairs and bone fillers after tumor surgery. Perspective future applications comprise drug delivery and tissue engineering purposes because calcium orthophosphates appear to be promising carriers of growth factors, bioactive peptides and various types of cells.

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Section: The Major Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calcium Orthophosphate-Based Bioceramics

Dorozhkin¹

2013

Materials

228

153

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“…The Young’s modulus of the actuators can be calculated as follows [ 29 ],

where ρ is the mass density (kg/m 3 ); f r is the resonant frequency (Hz); L m is the movable length of the beam (m); and T is the thickness of beam (m). The movable length is 4.5 × 10 −2 m because the clamped distance of the actuator is 5 × 10 −3 m. The elastic modulus can be calculated by substituting the measured parameters ( ρ = 1240 kg/m 3 ) and the experimental results in Figure 6 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fe3O4–Silicone Mixture as Flexible Actuator

Song

Cha

2018

Materials

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In this study, we introduce Fe3O4-silicone flexible composite actuators fabricated by combining silicone and iron oxide particles. The actuators exploit the flexibility of silicone and the electric conductivity of iron oxide particles. These actuators are activated by electrostatic force using the properties of the metal particles. Herein, we investigate the characteristic changes in actuation performance by increasing the concentration of iron oxide from 1% to 20%. The developed flexible actuators exhibit a resonant frequency near 3 Hz and their actuation amplitudes increase with increasing input voltage. We found that the actuator can move well at metal particle concentrations >2.5%. We also studied the changes in actuation behavior, depending on the portion of the Fe3O4-silicone in the length. Overall, we experimentally analyzed the characteristics of the newly proposed metal particle-silicone composite actuators.

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“…Young's (or elastic) modulus of dense HA bioceramics is in the range of 3-120 GPa [341,342], which is more or less similar to those of the most resistant components of the natural calcified tissues (dental enamel: ~74 GPa, dentine: ~21 GPa, compact bone: ~18-22 GPa). This value depends on porosity [343,344].…”

Section: Mechanical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 90%

Calcium Orthophosphate (CaPO4)-Based Bioceramics: Preparation, Properties, and Applications

Dorozhkin¹

2022

Coatings

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Various types of materials have been traditionally used to restore damaged bones. In the late 1960s, a strong interest was raised in studying ceramics as potential bone grafts due to their biomechanical properties. A short time later, such synthetic biomaterials were called bioceramics. Bioceramics can be prepared from diverse inorganic substances, but this review is limited to calcium orthophosphate (CaPO4)-based formulations only, due to its chemical similarity to mammalian bones and teeth. During the past 50 years, there have been a number of important achievements in this field. Namely, after the initial development of bioceramics that was just tolerated in the physiological environment, an emphasis was shifted towards the formulations able to form direct chemical bonds with the adjacent bones. Afterwards, by the structural and compositional controls, it became possible to choose whether the CaPO4-based implants would remain biologically stable once incorporated into the skeletal structure or whether they would be resorbed over time. At the turn of the millennium, a new concept of regenerative bioceramics was developed, and such formulations became an integrated part of the tissue engineering approach. Now, CaPO4-based scaffolds are designed to induce bone formation and vascularization. These scaffolds are usually porous and harbor various biomolecules and/or cells. Therefore, current biomedical applications of CaPO4-based bioceramics include artificial bone grafts, bone augmentations, maxillofacial reconstruction, spinal fusion, and periodontal disease repairs, as well as bone fillers after tumor surgery. Prospective future applications comprise drug delivery and tissue engineering purposes because CaPO4 appear to be promising carriers of growth factors, bioactive peptides, and various types of cells.

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A resonance frequency technique to determine elastic modulus of hydroxyapatite

Cited by 23 publications

References 18 publications

Calcium Orthophosphate-Based Bioceramics

Calcium Orthophosphate-Based Bioceramics

Fe3O4–Silicone Mixture as Flexible Actuator

Calcium Orthophosphate (CaPO4)-Based Bioceramics: Preparation, Properties, and Applications

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