A Reservoir of<i>Moraxella catarrhalis</i>in Human Pharyngeal Lymphoid Tissue

Heiniger, Nadja; Spaniol, Violeta; Troller, Rolf; Vischer, Mattheus; Aebi, Christoph

doi:10.1086/521194

Cited by 62 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…FISH is extremely sensitive, and Heiniger et al found it had the highest detection rate of M. catarrhalis in clinical samples, exhibiting a higher rate than surface culture, PCR, or immunohistochemistry (33). Although our results using quantitative FISH analysis supported the trend of more H. influenzae in COM, it did not show significant differences between the patient groups.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 74%

“…Specifically, adhesins, pili, and lipooligosaccharides associated with H. influenzae lead to the attachment and invasion of cultured human epithelial cells via diverse pathways (41,60,63). M. catarrhalis has been shown to colonize and invade pharyngeal epithelial cells (45,59), and intracellular M. catarrhalis was specifically found in adenoids and tonsils (33). Intracellular S. aureus was demonstrated in nasal epithelium from patients treated for CRS (12,62).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Adenoid Reservoir for Pathogenic Biofilm Bacteria

et al. 2011

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Biofilms of pathogenic bacteria are present on the middle ear mucosa of children with chronic otitis media (COM) and may contribute to the persistence of pathogens and the recalcitrance of COM to antibiotic treatment. Controlled studies indicate that adenoidectomy is effective in the treatment of COM, suggesting that the adenoids may act as a reservoir for COM pathogens. To investigate the bacterial community in the adenoid, samples were obtained from 35 children undergoing adenoidectomy for chronic OM or obstructive sleep apnea. We used a novel, culture-independent molecular diagnostic methodology, followed by confocal microscopy, to investigate the in situ distribution and organization of pathogens in the adenoids to determine whether pathogenic bacteria exhibited criteria characteristic of biofilms. The Ibis T5000 Universal Biosensor System was used to interrogate the extent of the microbial diversity within adenoid biopsy specimens. Using a suite of 16 broad-range bacterial primers, we demonstrated that adenoids from both diagnostic groups were colonized with polymicrobial biofilms. Haemophilus influenzae was present in more adenoids from the COM group (P ‫؍‬ 0.005), but there was no significant difference between the two patient groups for Streptococcus pneumoniae or Staphylococcus aureus. Fluorescence in situ hybridization, lectin binding, and the use of antibodies specific for host epithelial cells demonstrated that pathogens were aggregated, surrounded by a carbohydrate matrix, and localized on and within the epithelial cell surface, which is consistent with criteria for bacterial biofilms.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 74%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adenoid Reservoir for Pathogenic Biofilm Bacteria

et al. 2011

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“…Spaniol et al (141) also utilized host-specific inhibitors to study invasion and showed that invasion was dependent on clathrin polymerization, which seemed to contradict the earlier findings of Slevogt et al (138). Furthermore, actin polymerization was also found to contribute to the invasion process, and antibodies directed to fibronectin and integrin ␣5␤1 were able to inhibit invasion (141 (62). At the present, the exact mechanism of epithelial cell invasion by M. catarrhalis is not fully understood, but it appears to be an active process involving several host cell and bacterial mechanisms.…”

Section: Invasion Of the Host Epitheliummentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Aspects ofMoraxella catarrhalisPathogenesis

Vries

Bootsma

Hays

et al. 2009

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

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SUMMARY In recent years, Moraxella catarrhalis has established its position as an important human mucosal pathogen, no longer being regarded as just a commensal bacterium. Further, current research in the field has led to a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in M. catarrhalis pathogenesis, including mechanisms associated with cellular adherence, target cell invasion, modulation of the host's immune response, and metabolism. Additionally, in order to be successful in the host, M. catarrhalis has to be able to interact and compete with the commensal flora and overcome stressful environmental conditions, such as nutrient limitation. In this review, we provide a timely overview of the current understanding of the molecular mechanisms associated with M. catarrhalis virulence and pathogenesis.

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“…However, both alveolar macrophages (44) and neutrophils (45) from COPD patients have a defective ability to phagocytize respiratory pathogens. Dysfunction of leukocytes could promote bacterial persistence in the lung, resulting in acute exacerbations of COPD (46). The detection of COMP in alveolar macrophages and/or monocytes led us to test whether it could inhibit phagocytic killing of M. catarrhalis by human neutrophils.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Moraxella catarrhalis Evades Host Innate Immunity via Targeting Cartilage Oligomeric Matrix Protein

Liu

Gradstedt

Ermert

et al. 2016

The Journal of Immunology

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Moraxella catarrhalis is a respiratory tract pathogen commonly causing otitis media in children and acute exacerbations in patients suffering from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) functions as a structural component in cartilage, as well as a regulator of complement activity. Importantly, COMP is detected in resident macrophages and monocytes, alveolar fluid, and the endothelium of blood vessels in lung tissue. We show that the majority of clinical isolates of M. catarrhalis (n = 49), but not other tested bacterial pathogens, bind large amounts of COMP. COMP interacts directly with the ubiquitous surface protein A2 of M. catarrhalis. Binding of COMP correlates with survival of M. catarrhalis in human serum by inhibiting bactericidal activity of the complement membrane attack complex. Moreover, COMP inhibits phagocytic killing of M. catarrhalis by human neutrophils. We further observed that COMP reduces bacterial adhesion and uptake by human lung epithelial cells, thus protecting M. catarrhalis from intracellular killing by epithelial cells. Taken together, our findings uncover a novel mechanism that M. catarrhalis uses to evade host innate immunity.

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A Reservoir ofMoraxella catarrhalisin Human Pharyngeal Lymphoid Tissue

Abstract: Colonization by M. catarrhalis is more frequent than is determined by surface culture, because the organism resides both within and beneath the epithelium and invades host cells.

Cited by 62 publications

References 46 publications

Adenoid Reservoir for Pathogenic Biofilm Bacteria

Adenoid Reservoir for Pathogenic Biofilm Bacteria

Molecular Aspects ofMoraxella catarrhalisPathogenesis

Moraxella catarrhalis Evades Host Innate Immunity via Targeting Cartilage Oligomeric Matrix Protein

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