A Research on Interrelation between Illuminance at Intersections and Reduction in Traffic Accidents.

The Pleasure of Walking: An Innovative Methodology to Assess Appropriate Walkable Performance in Urban Areas to Support Transport Planning

“…Road lighting is targeted to assess quality of public lighting, the design of which is generally not meant to meet pedestrians' requirements (e.g., fear of crime). Streetlights' specific performance like illuminance and brightness is essential in preventing accidents [65], but benefits can be strongly diminished if light poles are too high, or placed in a way to create shadowy areas on sidewalks. Eventually the Safe Crossing indicator measures the level of pedestrian safety specifically at junctions, by the availability of appropriate signs and signals, according to regulations.…”

Trends Towards Automotive Electronic Vision Systems for Mitigation of Accidents in Safety Critical Situations

“…A similar pattern is prevalent in statistics from the USA, with 47.2% of fatal accidents occurring in darkness (FARS, 2010) and 70% of pedestrian fatalities occurring at night (6pm-6am) in 2008(NHTSA, 2008. In Japan, 55% of all road fatalities occur during night-time (Oya et al, 2002). These statistics confirm that the hours of darkness account for a disproportionate amount of road collisions and fatalities, as there is a substantially reduced traffic volume during night hours.…”

Compatibility of road lighting with star visibility

“…11 Obviously, lighting levels lower than the normative prescriptions reduce sky luminance. However, statistics demonstrate that both accidents [12][13][14] and criminal activities would increase: 15,16 levels 50% higher than the ones prescribed by the standards still reduce accidents. Also, no advantage accrues from a higher road reflectance: it can save energy, but not reduce the light reflected upward responsible for most the impairment of visibility in astronomy.…”