A Requirement for Reduced Triphosphopyridine Nucleotide for Cholesterol Side-chain Cleavage by Mitochondrial Fractions of Bovine Adrenal Cortex

Halkerston, I. D. K.; Eichhorn, John H.; Hechter, Oscar

doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(18)64370-4

Cited by 183 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…However, it is clear from the studies reported here that cholesterol-4-C14 was not diluted by endogenous cholesterol to any significant extent, since the acetone powder contained less than 0.02 mS of cholesterol per flask. The present preparation, like that reported by Halkerston et al (1961) from adrenal cortex, requires reduced TPN. Detailed studies of the cofactor requirements and conditions for this reaction are in progress.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

“…It should be pointed out, however, that the present studies were not designed to explore factors leading to optimal conversion. In the adrenal cortex addition of certain cofactors and changes in the incubation procedure greatly affect the yield of pregnenolone (Halkerston et al, 1961).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The tissue was finely chopped and homogenized in two volumes of sucrose (0.44 m) in an all-glass Potter- Elvejham apparatus. Acetone-dried powder of "mitochondria" was then prepared according to the directions of Halkerston et al, (1961). It was found that 90 g of corpus luteum yielded approximately 600 mg of acetone powder.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(1) Ugroin-propylene glycol (Brady, 1951); (2) kerosene-60 % aqueous iV-propanol (Halkerston et al, 1961). The dry chromatograms were examined by means of a thin-window Geiger strip-counter which revealed that the aliquots examined showed less than 0.1 % of radioactive contaminants.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Conversion of Cholesterol and 20α-Hydroxycholesterol to Steroids by Acetone Powder of Particles from Bovine Corpus Luteum^*

Hall¹,

Koritz²

1964

Biochemistry

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

The Conversion of Cholesterol and 20α-Hydroxycholesterol to Steroids by Acetone Powder of Particles from Bovine Corpus Luteum^*

Hall¹,

Koritz²

1964

Biochemistry

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“…The subsequent step, in which the triglyceride molecules aggregate into a visible lipid droplet, has been localized to the intracisternal portion of the endoplasmic reticulum, and the growth of lipid droplets has been suggested to occur by intracisternal accumulation and fusion of smaller droplets (83). The biochemical pathways in the formation of steroids and the subcellular localization of the enzymes involved have been studied by Popjak and Cornforth (66), Olson (61), Halkerston et al (34), Byer and Samuels (13), Hoffmann (37), Ryan and Engel (75), Sharma et al (79), and Hayano and Dorfman (35).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ORGANIZATION AND ACTIVITY IN THE PRE- AND POSTOVULATORY FOLLICLE OF NECTURUS MACULOSUS

Kessel

Panje

1968

The Journal of Cell Biology

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The established follicle envelope of Necturus maculosus consists of a layer of follicle cells (granulosa) surrounding the developing oocyte, a layer of theca comprised of connective tissue cells, fibers, and matrix, and a layer of serosal cells. The changes in shape and fine structure of these layers during differentiation accompanying oogenesis are described. The cells and capillaries of the follicle envelope are engaged in an extensive pinocytotic activity, the details of which are described. We used cytochemical techniques to analyze the activity of the follicle envelope with respect to lipid accumulation and alkaline phosphatase activity. Radioautographic results indicate that cells of the follicle envelope are capable of incorporating tritium-labeled uridine and amino acids at certain times during oocyte growth. A comparative analysis was made of the soluble proteins in follicle envelopes isolated from immature oocytes and of those in follicle envelopes isolated from nearly mature oocytes and in postovulatory follicles. After the oocyte is ovulated, the cells of the follicle envelope are converted into a postovulatory follicle. The cells of the postovulatory follicle undergo further differentiation resulting in their becoming actively engaged in the formation of a secretion, the details of which are described at the electron microscope level. Analysis of the postovulatory follicle by thin-layer chromatography and cytochemistry demonstrated the presence of a wide variety of lipid substances and the possible presence of steroid. That the postovulatory follicle may be engaged in steroid biosynthesis is also suggested by studies involving the demonstration of 3 -hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity with cytochemical techniques applied to frozen sections and to soluble proteins separated by gel electrophoresis.

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Modulation of the Androgen Receptor Axis

Mohler

Dalton

2021

Burger's Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Discovery

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The androgen receptor (AR) mediates the endocrine functions of endogenous androgens like testosterone and exerts pleiotropic androgenic (male phenotype development, sexual function) and anabolic (growth and maintenance of musculoskeletal system) effects across most tissues. The AR‐axis, i.e. AR and its downstream effects, is extensively targeted to stimulate anabolism or treat prostatic diseases. Tissue‐selective, direct‐acting synthetic AR agonists are limited in scope by their inadequate separation of anabolic from untoward androgenic or virilizing effects and include FDA approved steroidal androgens (anabolic‐androgenic steroids) and investigational nonsteroidal selective AR modulators (SARMs). Gaining in popularity is testosterone replacement therapy in hypogonadal men. Antagonism of the AR‐axis is common in aging males with androgen‐dependent prostate hyperproliferation [prostate cancer or benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)]. Androgen ablation (indirect antagonism) and direct AR antagonism have been the mainstays of prostate cancer therapies for many decades including recent approvals. Indirect antagonists of the AR‐axis include gonadotropin‐releasing hormone agonists or antagonists (androgen‐deprivation therapy), which achieve systemic androgen and estrogen ablation for prostate or breast cancers as a monotherapy or sometimes in combination with steroidogenic enzyme (lyase) inhibitors. DHT‐dependent diseases are treated with 5α‐reductase to block intracrine production of DHT for male pattern baldness and BPH; whereas aromatase inhibitors block androgen metabolism to estrogen in breast cancer. Direct AR antagonists (antiandrogens) with improved potency and anti‐androgenic scope continue to be approved for prostate cancer. Research into innovative ways to directly or indirectly modulate the AR‐axis remains robust, suggesting new therapies will likely be introduced regularly for the foreseeable future.

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A Requirement for Reduced Triphosphopyridine Nucleotide for Cholesterol Side-chain Cleavage by Mitochondrial Fractions of Bovine Adrenal Cortex

Cited by 183 publications

References 16 publications

The Conversion of Cholesterol and 20α-Hydroxycholesterol to Steroids by Acetone Powder of Particles from Bovine Corpus Luteum^*

The Conversion of Cholesterol and 20α-Hydroxycholesterol to Steroids by Acetone Powder of Particles from Bovine Corpus Luteum^*

ORGANIZATION AND ACTIVITY IN THE PRE- AND POSTOVULATORY FOLLICLE OF NECTURUS MACULOSUS

Modulation of the Androgen Receptor Axis

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A Requirement for Reduced Triphosphopyridine Nucleotide for Cholesterol Side-chain Cleavage by Mitochondrial Fractions of Bovine Adrenal Cortex

Cited by 183 publications

References 16 publications

The Conversion of Cholesterol and 20α-Hydroxycholesterol to Steroids by Acetone Powder of Particles from Bovine Corpus Luteum*

The Conversion of Cholesterol and 20α-Hydroxycholesterol to Steroids by Acetone Powder of Particles from Bovine Corpus Luteum*

ORGANIZATION AND ACTIVITY IN THE PRE- AND POSTOVULATORY FOLLICLE OF NECTURUS MACULOSUS

Modulation of the Androgen Receptor Axis

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

The Conversion of Cholesterol and 20α-Hydroxycholesterol to Steroids by Acetone Powder of Particles from Bovine Corpus Luteum^*

The Conversion of Cholesterol and 20α-Hydroxycholesterol to Steroids by Acetone Powder of Particles from Bovine Corpus Luteum^*