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Detection of landiolol using high-performance liquid chromatography/fluorescence: A blood esterase-sensitive ultra-short-acting β1-receptor antagonist

“…Many different anesthetic drugs and techniques have been used for the prevention and treatment of acute hemodynamic responses during surgery. Of the many anesthetics, the administration of adrenergic ␤ 1 -receptor antagonist is known to be an effective approach in the treatment of tachycardia [1][2][3][4]. The use of this type of drugs offers significantly more rapid recovery by decreasing the anesthetic dose required to maintain an adequate depth of anesthesia and reduces postoperative analgesic requirement [5,6].…”