A replication-deficient H9N2 influenza virus carrying H5 hemagglutinin conferred protection against H9N2 and H5N1 influenza viruses in mice

Ren, Weigang; Pei, Shuli; Jiang, Wenming; Zhao, Mei‐Xia; Jiang, Lei; Liu, Honggang; Yue, Yi; Hui, Mizhou; Li, Junwei

doi:10.3389/fmicb.2022.1042916

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 51 publications

(55 reference statements)

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“…H9N2 AIV can infect humans and cause mild to severe flu-like symptoms. Although human infections are typically non-fatal, the virus may become more adapted to humans and cause a pandemic (Basavaraju et al, 2022; Carnaccini & Perez, 2020; Ren et al, 2022). There is currently no effective treatment for the H9N2 AIV infection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chikusetsusaponin IVa Protects against H9N2 Avian Influenza Virus Infection by Inhibiting Inflammation and TLR4/NF-κB Signaling Pathways in vitro and in vivo

Dai,

Zheng,

et al. 2024

Pharmacognosy Magazine

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Background: The prevalence of Hemagglutinin 9 Neuraminidase 2 (H9N2) avian influenza virus (AIV) in poultry in Asia has raised serious concerns about its zoonotic transmission and the potential for a pandemic, underscoring the need for effective therapeutics. Chikusetsusaponin IVa (CHS), a bioactive triterpenoid saponin from Radix saposhnikoviae, has exhibited anti-inflammatory activity in preclinical studies. We hypothesized that CHS could mitigate immunopathology during tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-infection by suppressing excessive inflammation. Objectives: CHS is a natural saponin with anti-inflammatory activity. This research aimed to explore the in vitro and in vivo protective effects and mechanisms of CHS against H9N2 AIV infection. Materials and Methods: We employed Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis and Gene Ontology (GO) analysis for the prediction of the underlying mechanisms, followed by a network analysis approach. In animal experiments, the toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathways and associated proteins were assessed using immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis. Results: In A549 cells, CHS treatment reduced H9N2 AIV-induced apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. CHS was found to have a suppressive effect on the mRNA expression of various inflammatory cytokines (including TNF-α, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, and IL-8) as well as mediators such as inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2). It can be seen that CHS does have anti-inflammatory effects. Bioinformatics analysis indicated that CHS might exhibit anti-inflammatory effects by modulating cytokine–cytokine receptor interaction and the NF-κB signaling pathways. Building upon this, it was found that CHS blocked the activation of TLR4 and NF-κB signaling pathways in A549 cells infected with H9N2 AIV. In vivo, CHS prolonged the survival time and increased the survival rate of H9N2 AIV-infected mice. CHS was found to have a protective effect on the lungs of infected mice, resulting in reduced damage and lower levels of viral load and inflammation. CHS inhibited the production of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-8) and inhibited the activation of TLR4 and NF-κB signaling pathways in the pulmonary tissues of mice that were infected. Conclusion: CHS exerts protective effects against H9N2 AIV infection in vitro and in vivo. The anti-inflammatory mechanisms may involve the inhibition of cytokine production and the blockade of TLR4 and NF-κB signaling pathways.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chikusetsusaponin IVa Protects against H9N2 Avian Influenza Virus Infection by Inhibiting Inflammation and TLR4/NF-κB Signaling Pathways in vitro and in vivo

Dai,

Zheng,

et al. 2024

Pharmacognosy Magazine

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“…In addition to inactivated vaccines, current new research directions include virus-like particles [ 27 ], recombinant vector vaccines [ 28 ], live attenuated vaccines [ 29 ], nucleic acid vaccines [ 30 ], and subunit vaccines [ 31 ]. The development of different types of vaccines provides new options for the control of H9N2 AIV.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Chinese Hamster Ovary Cell-Based H9 HA Subunit Avian Influenza Vaccine Provides Complete Protection against the H9N2 Virus Challenge in Chickens

Zhu,

Nie,

Che

et al. 2024

Viruses

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(1) Background: Avian influenza has attracted widespread attention because of its severe effect on the poultry industry and potential threat to human health. The H9N2 subtype of avian influenza viruses was the most prevalent in chickens, and there are several commercial vaccines available for the prevention of the H9N2 subtype of avian influenza viruses. However, due to the prompt antigenic drift and antigenic shift of influenza viruses, outbreaks of H9N2 viruses still continuously occur, so surveillance and vaccine updates for H9N2 subtype avian influenza viruses are particularly important. (2) Methods: In this study, we constructed a stable Chinese hamster ovary cell line (CHO) to express the H9 hemagglutinin (HA) protein of the major prevalent H9N2 strain A/chicken/Daye/DY0602/2017 with genetic engineering technology, and then a subunit H9 avian influenza vaccine was prepared using the purified HA protein with a water-in-oil adjuvant. (3) Results: The results showed that the HI antibodies significantly increased after vaccination with the H9 subunit vaccine in specific-pathogen-free (SPF) chickens with a dose–dependent potency of the immunized HA protein, and the 50 μg or more per dose HA protein could provide complete protection against the H9N2 virus challenge. (4) Conclusions: These results indicate that the CHO expression system could be a platform used to develop the subunit vaccine against H9 influenza viruses in chickens.

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Pandemic preparedness through vaccine development for avian influenza viruses

Cargnin Faccin,

Perez

2024

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics

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A replication-deficient H9N2 influenza virus carrying H5 hemagglutinin conferred protection against H9N2 and H5N1 influenza viruses in mice

Cited by 3 publications

References 51 publications

Chikusetsusaponin IVa Protects against H9N2 Avian Influenza Virus Infection by Inhibiting Inflammation and TLR4/NF-κB Signaling Pathways in vitro and in vivo

Chikusetsusaponin IVa Protects against H9N2 Avian Influenza Virus Infection by Inhibiting Inflammation and TLR4/NF-κB Signaling Pathways in vitro and in vivo

The Chinese Hamster Ovary Cell-Based H9 HA Subunit Avian Influenza Vaccine Provides Complete Protection against the H9N2 Virus Challenge in Chickens

Pandemic preparedness through vaccine development for avian influenza viruses

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