A renewable lignin-based thermoplastic adhesive for steel joining

Kanbargi, Nihal; Hoskins, David; Gupta, Sumit; Yu, Zeyang; Shin, Yongsoon; Qiao, Yao; Merkel, Daniel R.; Bowland, Christopher C.; Labbé, Nicole; Simmons, Kevin L.; Naskar, Amit K.

doi:10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2023.111981

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…24,25 Inspired by the toughness and thermo-mechanical response of lignin-derivative from melt-mixed formulations of lignin and NBR, 7 our recent work investigated utilization of, specifically, technical hardwood organosolv lignin-based thermoplastic as an adhesive for joining steel substrates. 26 These works realized that a high polarity nitrile rubber (NBR 51, i.e., NBR with 51 mol% nitrile content) forms a stronger and stiffer composition when mixed with melt-processable lignin. Increased rubber matrix polarity enhanced its miscibility with lignin.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In our prior investigation, we observed the occurrence of cohesive failure in ABL adhesives during the single-lap shear strength test. 26 Cohesive failure in adhesive occurs when the adhesive material itself ruptures or breaks apart rather than separating from the substrate to which it was applied. In other words, cohesive failure happens when the bond between the adhesive and the substrate remains strong, but the adhesive material itself is not strong enough to withstand the forces being applied to it.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Out of all the samples tested, the NBR with 51% acrylonitrile content and 60 wt% lignin composition had the strongest lap shear strength, which was chosen as the baseline for this research. In our prior investigation, we observed the occurrence of cohesive failure in ABL adhesives during the single‐lap shear strength test 26 . Cohesive failure in adhesive occurs when the adhesive material itself ruptures or breaks apart rather than separating from the substrate to which it was applied.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Acrylonitrile‐butadiene‐lignin thermoplastic rubber adhesive for enhanced metal‐to‐metal joining

Yu,

Kanbargi,

Gupta

et al. 2024

Polymer Composites

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With the growing requirement for lightweight structural materials in automotive, aerospace, and infrastructure applications, multi‐material joints made with adhesive have attracted intense research interest. Commercial thermoset adhesives are one‐time cures, and difficult to disassemble the bonded components for repair and recycling. Our prior work with a thermoplastic acrylonitrile‐butadiene‐lignin rubber (ABL) addresses this sustainability/recycling challenge, but the adhesive exhibits deficient joining strength compared to standard thermosets. Here, we modify the ABL matrix by loading particulate fillers to enhance its modulus and toughness. The goal is to manufacture a cure‐free thermoplastic adhesive system with a simple dispensing protocol and characteristic ductility combined with a high yield stress for improved shear strength of a bonded joint. Fumed silica (FS) and epoxidized glass spheres (EGS) were used as fillers in the ABL to promote the dispersion of lignin particles that tailored the functionalities and free energy components of the adhesive surface. With optimal loading of FS (5 wt%) and EGS (30 wt%) in the ABL adhesive matrix, the lap‐shear strength of the bonded aluminum joint was elevated by 128%, compared to the neat ABL, reaching 21 MPa, which is 90% of the performance of a commercial epoxy‐based adhesive.Highlights A partly renewable filler‐toughened thermoplastic adhesive has been developed. This thermoplastic gives nearly equivalent performance of adhesively bonded aluminum joint compared to standard thermosets. Experimental and simulation data help understand the adhesive reinforcing mechanism by the fillers.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Acrylonitrile‐butadiene‐lignin thermoplastic rubber adhesive for enhanced metal‐to‐metal joining

Yu,

Kanbargi,

Gupta

et al. 2024

Polymer Composites

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“…The weight-averaged molecular weight of the lignosulfonate polymers is from 5 to 400 kDa compared to 1 to 5 kDa for the kraft lignin . Currently, lignin is mostly used to produce bioenergy but has also been studied to make fuel cell anode, supercapacitor cathode, flocculant, thermoplastic adhesive, biodegradable composites, biodegradable packaging, dye dispersant, and adsorbents for the removal of heavy metals and dyes from textile dyeing effluent. Lignin is biodegradable under a compost environment by thermophilic microfungi and actinomycetes, and the optimum temperature for thermophilic fungi is 40–50 °C, which is also the optimum temperature for lignin degradation in compost …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Valorization of Sulfonated Kraft Lignin as a Natural Dye for the Sustainable Dyeing of Wool Fabrics: Effect of Peroxide Oxidation

Hassan

2023

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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Lignin is an abundant and complex biopolymer with inherent color but has only a few applications. It has the potential to replace synthetic acid dyes for the coloration of wool fibers in brown shades, as traditional dyeing with acid dyes produces toxic effluent needing costly treatment. In this work, the valorization of sulfonated lignin was explored by using it as a natural dye for the coloration of wool fabrics alone and with hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ). The dyed fabrics were characterized by reflectance and diffuse reflectance spectroscopies to assess the color yield and ultraviolet (UV) protection performance, respectively. The dyed fabrics exhibited reasonably good color yield and satisfactory colorfastness to washing (Grade 3/4), which improved to Grade 4 by the oxidation treatment with H 2 O 2 . The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images show that when fabrics are dyed alone with lignin, deposition of lignin particles is visible on the fiber surface, but with hydrogen peroxide, no deposition of lignin is visible on the fiber surface, and the color strength of the fabric became almost double. The UV light transmission through the fabric decreased from 6.73 and 13.23% at 311 and 365 nm to 2.19 and 5.23%, respectively. The attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectra of the dyed fabrics showed increased absorption of lignin sulfonate by the fabric, suggesting depolymerization of lignin by H 2 O 2 to smaller macromolecules easing absorption into the wool fiber. Lignin sulfonate could be a cheap and sustainable alternative to harmful synthetic dyes for producing brown shades on wool fabric.

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Characterization of vinyl ester–based biocomposites using grape stalk lignin biopolymer and Celosia cristata stem fibers: a characterization study

Waghmare,

Karthick,

Naresh

et al. 2024

Biomass Conv. Bioref.

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A renewable lignin-based thermoplastic adhesive for steel joining

Cited by 4 publications

References 58 publications

Acrylonitrile‐butadiene‐lignin thermoplastic rubber adhesive for enhanced metal‐to‐metal joining

Acrylonitrile‐butadiene‐lignin thermoplastic rubber adhesive for enhanced metal‐to‐metal joining

Valorization of Sulfonated Kraft Lignin as a Natural Dye for the Sustainable Dyeing of Wool Fabrics: Effect of Peroxide Oxidation

Characterization of vinyl ester–based biocomposites using grape stalk lignin biopolymer and Celosia cristata stem fibers: a characterization study

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