A remarkable synergistic effect at the transcriptomic level in peach fruits doubly infected by prunus necrotic ringspot virus and peach latent mosaic viroid

Herranz, M. C.; Niehl, Annette; Rosales, Merlín; Fiore, Nicola; Zamorano, Alan; Granell, Antonio; Pallás, Vicente

doi:10.1186/1743-422x-10-164

Cited by 39 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…This family includes four members, and the type species is the Avocado sunblotch viroid (ASBVd). That said, recently, the Peach latent mosaic viroid (PLMVd) has received more attention (Herranz et al, 2013;Navarro et al, 2012;Wang et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elucidation of the structures of all members of the Avsunviroidae family

Giguère

Adkar-Purushothama

Boyer

et al. 2014

Molecular Plant Pathology

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Viroids are small single-stranded RNA pathogens which cause significant damage to plants. As their nucleic acids do not encode for any proteins, they are dependant solely on their structure for their propagation. The elucidation of the secondary structures of viroids has been limited because of the exhaustive and time consuming nature of classic approaches. Here, the method of high-throughput selective 2'-hydroxyl acylation analysed by primer extension (hSHAPE) has been adapted to probe the viroid structure. The data obtained using this method were then used as input for computer-assisted structure prediction using RNA structure software in order to determine the secondary structures of the RNA strands of both (+) and (–) polarities of all Avsunviroidae members, one of the two families of viroids. The resolution of the structures of all of the members of the family provides a global view of the complexity of these RNAs. The structural differences between the two polarities, and any plausible tertiary interactions, were also analysed. Interestingly, the structures of the (+) and (–) strands were found to be different for each viroid species. The structures of the recently isolated grapevine hammerhead viroid-like RNA strands were also solved. This species shares several structural features with the Avsunviroidae family, although its infectious potential remains to be determined.To our knowledge, this article represents the first report of the structural elucidation of a complete family of viroids.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elucidation of the structures of all members of the Avsunviroidae family

Giguère

Adkar-Purushothama

Boyer

et al. 2014

Molecular Plant Pathology

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“…Furthermore, other studies have shown that diverse host genes exhibit a transcriptional alteration during PSTVd (31,32), C itrus viroid III (33), Peach latent mosaic viroid (34) and Citrus exocortis viroid (35) infections. Although all this experimental evidence may support the idea that viroid infection incites alterations in plant gene expression at transcriptional levels (13), viroid-induced methylation of the host gene(s) or disruption of methylation pathways (which may eventually result in symptom expression) has not yet been reported in natural infections (3).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A pathogenic non-coding RNA induces changes in dynamic DNA methylation of ribosomal RNA genes in host plants

Martínez

Castellano

Tortosa

et al. 2013

Nucleic Acids Research

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Viroids are plant-pathogenic non-coding RNAs able to interfere with as yet poorly known host-regulatory pathways and to cause alterations recognized as diseases. The way in which these RNAs coerce the host to express symptoms remains to be totally deciphered. In recent years, diverse studies have proposed a close interplay between viroid-induced pathogenesis and RNA silencing, supporting the belief that viroid-derived small RNAs mediate the post-transcriptional cleavage of endogenous mRNAs by acting as elicitors of symptoms expression. Although the evidence supporting the role of viroid-derived small RNAs in pathogenesis is robust, the possibility that this phenomenon can be a more complex process, also involving viroid-induced alterations in plant gene expression at transcriptional levels, has been considered. Here we show that plants infected with the ‘Hop stunt viroid’ accumulate high levels of sRNAs derived from ribosomal transcripts. This effect was correlated with an increase in the transcription of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) precursors during infection. We observed that the transcriptional reactivation of rRNA genes correlates with a modification of DNA methylation in their promoter region and revealed that some rRNA genes are demethylated and transcriptionally reactivated during infection. This study reports a previously unknown mechanism associated with viroid (or any other pathogenic RNA) infection in plants providing new insights into aspects of host alterations induced by the viroid infectious cycle.

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“…In citrus plants, it has been clearly shown that symptoms are differently expressed in multiple viroid infections, with synergistic and antagonistic effects between CVds (Verniere et al, 2006;Serra et al, 2008). There may also be a synergistic interaction between viroids and viruses, as already described in peach (Herranz et al, 2013). It has been clearly shown that CBCVd is involved in the new severe disease of hop plants, although a synergistic action of CBCVd with HLVd cannot be ruled out.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Deep‐sequencing revealed Citrus bark cracking viroid (CBCVd) as a highly aggressive pathogen on hop

et al. 2015

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Newly emerging or re-emerging diseases are a constant and significant threat to agricultural production, so prompt and accurate identification of the causative agents is required for rapid and appropriate disease management. Classical methods of pathogen detection can be successfully supplemented by next-generation sequencing (NGS), whereby sequence analysis can help in the discovery of new or emerging diseases. In 2007, hop growers in Slovenia reported the appearance of severely stunted hop plants, a phenomenon that spread rapidly within hop gardens and among farms. Classical diagnostic methods were unable to detect a new pathogen; therefore, single step high-throughput parallel sequencing of total RNA and small RNAs from plants with and without symptoms was employed to identify a novel pathogen. The sequences were assembled de novo and also mapped to reference genomes, resulting in identification of a novel sequence of Citrus bark cracking viroid (CBCVd) in the stunted hop plants. Furthermore, the presence of this novel pathogen on hop was confirmed by RT-PCR analysis of 59 plants with symptoms from 15 hop gardens, representing the main outbreak locations identified by systematic disease monitoring, and small RNA Illumina sequencing of the bulked RNA sample. The high infectivity of the newly identified CBCVd was also confirmed by biolistic inoculation of two hop cultivars, which developed aggressive symptoms in controlled conditions. This study shows the feasibility of deep sequencing for the identification of causative agents of new diseases in hop and other plants.

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A remarkable synergistic effect at the transcriptomic level in peach fruits doubly infected by prunus necrotic ringspot virus and peach latent mosaic viroid

Cited by 39 publications

References 68 publications

Elucidation of the structures of all members of the Avsunviroidae family

Elucidation of the structures of all members of the Avsunviroidae family

A pathogenic non-coding RNA induces changes in dynamic DNA methylation of ribosomal RNA genes in host plants

Deep‐sequencing revealed Citrus bark cracking viroid (CBCVd) as a highly aggressive pathogen on hop

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