A remarkable response to combination chemotherapy with nivolumab and ipilimumab in a patient with primary pulmonary choriocarcinoma: a case report

Abstract

Background Primary pulmonary choriocarcinoma (PPC) is a rare malignancy, and only 41 PPC cases have been reported in males up to 2021. Due to its rarity, no standardized treatments for PPC have been established. Cytotoxic chemotherapy has limited efficacy, and the prognosis of advanced PPC is notably poor. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are expected to provide long-term survival for PPC patients, but only a few cases have been reported. The optimal treatment for PPC has not been determined. Case Description Here, we report a 72-year-old male with post-surgery relapsed PPC, presenting with multiple pulmonary nodules and an intracardiac mass. The Oncomine TM Dx target test showed no mutation of cancer-relevant genes, and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression was negative (0%) in the 22C3 assay. He received a combination of carboplatin, paclitaxel, nivolumab, and ipilimumab which is widely used as a first-line treatment for advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Two months after treatment began, computed tomography (CT) showed multiple lung nodules and an intracardiac mass reduction, which has been sustained for 12 months. Grade 3 febrile neutropenia and grade 2 rash were observed, however, these adverse events were manageable. Conclusions This is the first case of postoperative relapse PPC that has been successfully treated with the combination of chemotherapy, nivolumab, and ipilimumab. This therapy may be a promising option for advanced PPC.

Case report: Molecular profiling facilitates the diagnosis of a challenging case of lung cancer with choriocarcinoma features

“…Following two months of treatment, the patient achieved a partial response and subsequently received nivolumab and ipilimumab as part of maintenance therapy. This positive response persisted throughout the 12-month follow-up period ( 51 ). To our knowledge, the patient in our study represents the second reported instance of receiving combined anti-PD-1/anti-CTLA-4 therapy and chemotherapy in lung cancer with choriocarcinoma features.…”

Lung Adenocarcinoma: From Genomics to Immunotherapy

“…Significant upregulation of TNFAIP6 and TLR6 and downregulation of P2RY13 and CYP27A1 were observed in all three adenocarcinoma cell lines (Figure 7A; Supplementary Figure 5). TNFAIP6, also known as TSG-6 (50), exhibited antiinflammatory effects in myocardial infarction and trauma repair (51). The role of TNFAIP6 in tumors was rarely reported.…”

Differential Gene Expression of Checkpoint Markers and Cancer Markers in Mouse Models of Spontaneous Chronic Colitis

“…Immune checkpoints are expressed by cancer cells which bind to their ligands on T cells which act as a switch-off signal for T cells from attacking cancer cells. As a result, cancer cells evade T-cell responses and host immunity through the negative regulation of the immune system, such as PD-1, PD-L1, PD-L2, CTLA-4, TIM3, 2B4, the B and T lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA), and LAG3 [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17]. Treatments that target these specific pathways to block or inhibit their actions are referred to as immune checkpoint blockade therapies [18][19][20], and several have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration [21].…”