A Reliable Photomicrographic Method for Determining Fat Cell Size and Number: Application to dietary obesity

Lavau, M; Susini, Christiane; Knittle, Jerome L.; Blanchet-Hirst, S.; Greenwood, M. R. C.

doi:10.3181/00379727-156-39916

Cited by 86 publications

(34 citation statements)

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“…The adipocyte diameter was measured using WinRoof software (Mitani Corporation, Fukui, Japan). Over 300 adipocytes for each sample were measured according to the method of Lavau et al [23].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fat Depot-Specific Differences in Angiogenic Growth Factor Gene Expression and Its Relation to Adipocyte Size in Cattle

Yamada

Kawakami

Nakanishi

2010

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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ABSTRACT. Adipocytes derived from different anatomical sites vary in the expression of adipocytokines and growth factor genes. Adipogenesis is tightly associated with angiogenesis, although the regional variation of angiogenic growth factor gene expression in adipose tissues remains unclear. In this experiment, we studied the fat depot-specific differences (subcutaneous, intramuscular, intermuscular, renal, and mesenteric) in the expression of angiogenic growth factor mRNA [vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2), fibroblast growth factor-10 (FGF-10), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), and leptin], as well as the relationship between angiogenic growth factor mRNA level and adipocyte size in bovine adipose tissues. Intermuscular, renal, and mesenteric adipose tissues expressed significantly higher VEGF, FGF-2, and leptin mRNA levels than did subcutaneous and intramuscular adipose tissues. Mesenteric adipose tissue also expressed higher FGF-10 mRNA levels than did subcutaneous and intramuscular adipose tissues. There was no significant difference in the expression of HGF mRNA among adipose tissue depots. A significant correlation existed between adipocyte size and VEGF, FGF-2, FGF-10, and leptin mRNA levels. These results indicate that fat depot-specific difference in angiogenic growth factor gene expression results from the difference in adipocyte size.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fat Depot-Specific Differences in Angiogenic Growth Factor Gene Expression and Its Relation to Adipocyte Size in Cattle

Yamada

Kawakami

Nakanishi

2010

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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“…Adipocyte cell size was measured microscopically and lipid content was measured by lipid extraction. 15 …”

Section: Enzymatic Activitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biochemical mechanisms responsible for the attenuation of diabetic and obese conditions in ob/ob mice treated with dopaminergic agonists

et al. 1999

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OBJECTIVE: We previously reported that a two week treatment with SKF 38393 (SKF, a dopamine D 1 receptor agonist), plus bromocriptine (BC, a dopamine D 2 receptor agonist) acted synergistically to normalize hyperphagia, body fat, hyperglycaemia and hyperlipidaemia in obaob mice. The present study further investigates the biochemical mechanisms triggered by this drug treatment. DESIGN: Six week old female C57BLa6J obaob mice were divided into three groups and treated for two weeks with either BC and SKF, vehicle (control), or vehicle and pair fed to match the drug-treated group's daily food intake. RESULTS: BCaSKF treatment reduced food consumption by 55%, and treated mice weighed less than either pair fed or ad libitum fed controls after two weeks of treatment. Moreover, oxygen consumption was increased by 2.4-fold and the respiratory quotient (RQ) decreased from 1.23 to 0.96 (indicating a reduction in de novo lipogenesis) by drug treatment relative to ad libitum fed controls, but these parameters were unaffected by pair feeding control mice. The treatment also reduced blood glucose and free fatty acids (FFA) relative to pair fed and ad libitum fed controls. BCaSKF treatment (but not pair feeding) concurrently reduced lipolysis, lipogenic enzyme activities and hepatic gluconeogenic enzyme activities. Treatment also increased hepatic concentrations of glycogen and xylulose-5-phosphate (X-5-P), a key stimulator of glycolysis. Finally, BCaSKF, but not pair feeding, reduced the circulating concentrations of thyroxine and corticosterone, two hormones known to increase lipolysis, lipogenesis and hyperglycaemia. Drug treatment also increased serum dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) sulfate concentrations, an inhibitor of body fat store accumulation. CONCLUSION: These ®ndings demonstrate that BCaSKF treatment not only normalizes hyperphagia of obaob mice, but also redirects several metabolic and endocrine activities, independent of its effects on feeding to improve the obese-diabetic syndrome in obaob mice.

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“…Fat cell weight (FCW) was measured by the diameters of at least 300 adipocytes using the photomicroscopic method of Lavau et al ( 15 ) and surface area was calculated according to Leibel et al ( 16 ). Only cells >50 m in diameter were included in the fi nal calculation of mean FCW.…”

Section: Adipocyte Isolation and Lipolysis Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resistance to the antilipolytic effect of insulin in adipocytes of African-American compared to Caucasian postmenopausal women

Fried

Tittelbach²,

Blumenthal³

et al. 2010

Journal of Lipid Research

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Increased availability of nonesterifi ed fatty acids (FA) contributes to the metabolic dysfunction associated with obesity, including systemic insulin resistance and hyperlipidemia ( 1 ). It is well established that central or upper body obesity, independent of total body fat, is associated with elevated systemic nonesterifi ed FA turnover in premenopausal women. In vivo studies of FA fl uxes show that on a per gram basis, abdominal (Abd) subcutaneous (sc) fat is the main source of the high systemic lipolysis in upper body compared with lower body obese premenopausal women and that leg fat is less lipolytically active ( 1 ). However, microdialysis studies detect no depot difference in lipolysis in nonobese, premenopausal Abd and femoral sc adipose tissue ( 2 ). Nevertheless, both techniques reveal similar responses to the antilipolytic effect of insulin in Abd sc and lower body adipose tissues. In vitro studies also show similar basal lipolytic rates in Abd and gluteal (Glt) or femoral adipocytes of premenopausal women, but Glt adipocytes are more sensitive to insulin ( 3, 4 ). Whether this depot difference exists in postmenopausal women is not known, so this was one of the objectives of the current study.Overweight African-American (AA) women are more hyperinsulinemic and resistant to insulin's glucoregulatory actions than body fat-matched Caucasian (C) women ( 5, 6 ). Thus, it is logical to postulate that AAs may also exhibit higher rates of lipolysis and resistance to the antilipolytic effect of insulin. However, results in the literature on this topic are inconsistent. In premenopausal women, Abstract High fatty acid (FA) fl ux is associated with systemic insulin resistance, and African-American (AA) women tend to be more insulin resistant. We assessed possible depot and race difference in the antilipolytic effect of insulin in adipocytes isolated from abdominal (Abd) and gluteal (Glt) subcutaneous (sc) adipose tissue of overweight, postmenopausal AA and Caucasian (C) women. Percent body fat, fasting insulin, visceral adiposity, and adipocyte size was higher in AA women. Disinhibited lipolysis (presence of adenosine deaminase) per unit adipocyte surface area was similar in Abd and Glt and in AA and C. However, rates of 'basal' [submaximal phenylisopropyl adenosine (PIA) -suppressed] and insulin-suppressed lipolysis were higher in Abd of AA compared with C women even after adjustment for percent fat and visceral fat area. The race difference in rates of PIA-and insulin-suppressed lipolysis in AA were correlated with their hyperinsulinemia, but AA race, independent of fasting insulin, was associated with lower responsiveness (percent suppression) to submaximal insulin concentrations, although sensitivity (ED50) was not affected. Overall, these data are consistent with the hypothesis that decreased responsiveness of Abd adipocytes to antilipolytic effectors may contribute to higher FA availability and thereby to racial differences in insulin resistance. -Fried,

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A Reliable Photomicrographic Method for Determining Fat Cell Size and Number: Application to dietary obesity

Cited by 86 publications

References 1 publication

Fat Depot-Specific Differences in Angiogenic Growth Factor Gene Expression and Its Relation to Adipocyte Size in Cattle

Fat Depot-Specific Differences in Angiogenic Growth Factor Gene Expression and Its Relation to Adipocyte Size in Cattle

Biochemical mechanisms responsible for the attenuation of diabetic and obese conditions in ob/ob mice treated with dopaminergic agonists

Resistance to the antilipolytic effect of insulin in adipocytes of African-American compared to Caucasian postmenopausal women

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