A Reliability Generalization Study of the Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale

Beretvas, S. Natasha; Meyers, Jason L.; Leite, Walter L.

doi:10.1177/0013164402062004003

Cited by 181 publications

(113 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…The scale most commonly used in the past 60 years is the Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale (MCSDS; Beretvas, Meyers, & Leite, 2002;Crowne & Marlowe, 1964). This scale comprises 33 items that are either socially desirable but uncommon (approved behaviors) or socially undesirable but common (disapproved behaviors).…”

Section: Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite being the most frequently cited SDR scale, the MCSDS's length, outdated wording, and low reliability limits its practicality (Ballard, Crino, & Rubenfeld, 1988;Beretvas et al, 2002;Stöber, 2001). Several 10-to 20-item short forms of the MCSDS have been developed to address the first of these concerns (Ballard, 1992;Reynolds, 1982;Stöber, 2001;Strahan & Gerbasi, 1972).…”

Section: Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

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The Balanced Inventory of Desirable Responding Short Form (BIDR-16)

et al. 2015

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Self-report studies often call for assessment of socially desirable responding. Many researchers use the Marlowe-Crowne Scale for its brief versions; however, this scale is outdated, and contemporary models of social desirability emphasize its multi-dimensional nature. The 40-item Balanced Inventory of Desirable Responding (BIDR) incorporates Self-Deceptive Enhancement (honest but overly positive responding) and Impression Management (bias toward pleasing others). However, its length limits its practicality. This article introduces the BIDR-16. In four studies, we shorten the BIDR from 40 items to 16 items, while retaining its two-factor structure, reliability, and validity. This short form will be invaluable to researchers wanting to assess social desirability when time is limited.

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Section: Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

The Balanced Inventory of Desirable Responding Short Form (BIDR-16)

et al. 2015

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“…Much of the early literature assumes that it is uni-dimensional, but more recently authors have posited a two-factor (Paulhus, 1984;1991) and even a multi-dimensional model (Beretvas et al, 2002). There is also an increasing awareness that the nature of SDB might vary by context and that generic approaches to conceptualising and operationalizing SDB are therefore problematic (Fisher, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dealing with social desirability bias: an application to charitable giving

Lee

Sargeant

2011

European Journal of Marketing

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PurposeThis paper aims to address the issue of survey distortion caused by one of the most common and pervasive sources of bias, namely social desirability bias (SDB). Despite 50 years of research, there are still many unanswered questions about its conceptualisation and operationalisation. The authors argue that traditional measures of SDB are inadequate and that the context in which the research is being conducted should be reflected in the measures employed. Hence, the authors develop and validate a multi‐dimensional scale that may be used to measure the degree of SDB present in responses to giving surveys.Design/methodology/approachFollowing initial scale development procedures a convenience sample of 820 donors to a national charity was employed to refine the resultant scale items. Exploratory factor analysis and reliability tests were conducted to establish the dimensionality of the new scale and its reliability. Using a separate sample of 1,500 active donors, the scale was then subject to confirmatory procedures to test its predictive validity.FindingsThe findings support the assertion that SDB is a multi‐dimensional construct consisting of six dimensions. However, in the context of postal surveys it is found that self‐deception and the degree of intrinsic benefit accruing to a donor are the primary determinants of the level of SDB an individual will exhibit. The authors also highlight the significance of the SDB issue since in the survey reported here, 65 per cent of respondents were found to over‐report their giving.Originality/valueThis is one of the first published studies that has been able to explore the predictive validity of a SDB scale. The work has expanded our understanding of the determinants of SDB and provided an instrument that may now be employed to reduce a significant proportion of this error in giving surveys.

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“…The HUS is a better predictor of concurrent and subsequent psychological symptoms than other life events scores [20]. The MCSDS is an 11-item questionnaire, the most frequently used measure to assess social desirability bias, i.e., whether respondents are responding truthfully or are misrepresenting themselves in order to manage their self-presentation, and it has demonstrated an adequate level of reliability [21]. If a subject scored higher than 11 on the MCSDS, then the subject was excluded from further participation in the study.…”

Section: Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of the ZYTO Reframe Technology on Resolving Personal Issues and Improving Mood: A Pilot Study

Mehdi¹,

Tully²,

Tiozzo³

et al. 2015

Adv Tech Biol Med

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IntroductionDue to the recognized importance of social psychological factors in health, a premium has been placed on the elucidation of preventive health theories like the Health Belief Model (HBM). The HBM is one of the most commonly used theories in health education and health promotion. According to the original HBM, health behavior is determined by personal beliefs and perceptions [1][2][3]. Health psychologists have shown that to respond to problems associated with a condition such as an illness people create their own beliefs regarding the condition [4][5][6]. These beliefs are the primary determinants of coping strategies, i.e., the behavioral actions to manage health threats [5,7]. Numerous studies have been conducted in the past highlighting the efficacy of HBM to identify and examine the factors related to health behavior [8][9][10][11]. However, very little information has been derived from appropriate interventions designed with the HBM. Techniques that can help the individual change perceptions and beliefs about health-related issues need to be devised and studied.ZYTO is a technology company that produces biocommunication software and equipment to facilitate decision making about wellness and human performance. The company has developed a software application called "Reframe Technology" that incorporates biocommunication to reframe perceptions. The foundation of Reframe Technology and biocommunication is similar to the principles used in the formulation of techniques such as biofeedback. Biofeedback uses the idea that by harnessing the power of the mind one can increase awareness of and self-monitor internal body processes [12,13]. Neurofeedback is a new variation of biofeedback. It also works on the same principle, i.e., once brain activities are shown to an individual, the person can self-regulate and bring appropriate changes in the patterns of the activities [14].The person using Reframe Technology speaks about any chosen topic, such as health, a relationship, or personal performance. As the person speaks, Reframe analyzes the voice for frequency patterns. Using a proprietary algorithm, these patterns generate an information field that is embedded into a fractal image. The information is not discernible by the conscious mind, but the person's body is sensitive to the data. This information field is activated for a 30-second period, while the person focuses thoughts on the selected topic. During that period, the fractal image containing the information field is visible to the person. Conscious access to the image is not significant to the process beyond helping the person stay focused on the topic. The person then talks again about the topic, Reframe analyzes the voice, and the information field is embedded and presented to the person AbstractBackground: The recognized importance of psychological and behavioral factors in human performance highlights the need for devising new techniques that positively affect perceptions to achieve better outcomes. New software called Reframe Technology imbedde...

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A Reliability Generalization Study of the Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale

Cited by 181 publications

References 75 publications

The Balanced Inventory of Desirable Responding Short Form (BIDR-16)

The Balanced Inventory of Desirable Responding Short Form (BIDR-16)

Dealing with social desirability bias: an application to charitable giving

The Effect of the ZYTO Reframe Technology on Resolving Personal Issues and Improving Mood: A Pilot Study

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