A relationship between dunes, fire and climate recorded in the Holocene deposits of Quebec

Filion, Louise

doi:10.1038/309543a0

Cited by 135 publications

(109 citation statements)

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“…On trouve surtout les champs de dunes entourbés aux latitudes boréales (DIONNE, 1978;ODYNSKY, 1958). Dans les régions plus froides et moins humides (particulièrement dans la toundra forestière), les systèmes éoliens se sont développés de manière épi-sodique au cours des périodes climatiquement défavorables (surtout froides et sèches) qui ont prévalu depuis la fin de l'Hypsithermal (ca 5000 ans BP) (EMILIANI, 1972;FAIR-BRIDGE, 1972;FILION, 1984). Le cycle dunes -+ forêts -+ dunes s'établit par l'intermédiaire des feux de forêts qui mettent à jour le substrat minéral sableux et favorisent l'emprise du vent sur les surfaces dénudées.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

“…Les paléosols superposés sont plus ou moins bien développés selon la durée de stabilisation et selon les conditions climatiques qui ont contrôlé l'activité pédogénétique. Les paléosols des dunes de l'Hudsonie ont récemment été analysés en détail sous l'angle de la pédogenèse et de leurs caractéristiques morphologiques (FILION, 1984). Le présent travail a pour but d'examiner le contexte de cette dynamique dunes-forêts à la lumière des analyses macrofossile et pollinique effectuées à partir des horizons organiques enfouis dans les sédiments éoliens.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

“…La surface originelle a été stable pendant au moins un millénaire (années radiocarbones) puisque l'activité éolienne ne commence à se manifester que vers 4530 ± 100 BP. Le profil de sol est d'ailleurs bien développé à ce niveau (FILION, 1984). Pendant la phase pré-forestière, les assemblages polliniques suggèrent l'existence d'un couvert végétal caractérisé par la présence d'une strate arbustive bien développée, composée de l'aulne vert {Alnus crispa (Ait.)…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

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Analyse macrofossile et pollinique de paléosols de dunes en Hudsonie, Québec nordique

Filion¹

2007

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Les analyses macrofossile et pollinique de paléosols de dunes ont permis de reconstituer l'histoire de la végétation dans trois stations de l'Hudsonie. Dans les sites étudiés (lac Burton, grande rivière de la Baleine et Poste-de-la-Baleine), les spectres polliniques révèlent l'existence d'une phase d'afforestation d'une durée approximative de 1200-1300 ans, caractérisés par l'abondance de grains de pollen d'espèces arbustives. L'aulne vert domine les spectres associés à cette période dans les deux stations continentales et le bouleau glanduleux, ceux de la station de Poste-de-la-Baleine (milieu maritime). La présence de macrorestes d'épinettes dans tous les horizons humifères met en évidence la coexistence des arbres et des arbustes pionniers pendant cette phase d'afforestation. Pendant la phase forestière, ce sont les mêmes espèces arborescentes qui ont colonisé les dunes après chaque épisode éolien. L'abondance relative du pollen de Pinus et de Picea est restée à peu près constante. Certaines augmentations dans la représentation pollinique du bouleau glanduleux, des Ericaceoe et des Onagraceoe pourraient refléter l'influence déterminante des feux de forêt, laquelle s'exprime à travers une modification du rapport entre les milieux forestiers et les milieux arbustifs.Vegetation sequences were reconstructed from macrofossil and pollen analysis of dune paleosols in northern Québec In the three study sites (Lac Burton, Grande Rivière de la Baleine and Poste-de-la-Baleine), the afforestation period lasted approximately 1200-1300 years and shrub species were dominant in the pollen spectra during this period. Green alder was the dominant shrub species in the two continental sites and dwarf birch in the maritime site (Poste-de-la-Baleine). Picea remains were found in all organic layers thus showing that trees and pioneer shrub species simultaneously invaded the sites. During the forest period, dunes were stabilized by the same tree species after each erosional event. Pollen percentages of Pinus and Picea remained fairly constant during this period. Peaks in the representation of dwarf birch, Ericaceae and Onagraceae in some pollen spectra emphasize the influence of fire that changed the proportion of forested areas in relation to open shrubby sites in the forest tundra zone.Die Analyse der Makrofossilien und des Pollens der Steinzeitbodens der Dunen fiihrte zur Rekonstruktion der Vegetations-geschichte in drei Gebieten der Hudson-Bay. In den untersuchten Gebieten (Lac Burton, Grande Rivière de la Baleine und Poste-de-la-Baleine) lassen die Pollen-Spektren die Existenz einer Bewaldungsphase erkennen, die ungefâhr 1200 bis 1300 Jahre gedauert hat. In den Pollen-Spektren ùberwiegen die Pollensamen von Buscharten. Die grùne Erie dominiert die Spektren dieser Zeitspanne in den zwei kontinentalen Gebieten und die Zwergbirke in dem Gebiet von Poste-de-la-Baleine (Kùstengebiet). Durch das Vorkommen von Makroresten von Rottannen in alien Humusschichten wird die Koexistenz der Pionier-Bàume und -Bûsche wâhrend dieser Zeit der Bew...

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Section: Introductionunclassified

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Analyse macrofossile et pollinique de paléosols de dunes en Hudsonie, Québec nordique

Filion¹

2007

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“…On the European coastal areas climate change due to the Little Ice Age indicated sand movements (Borja et al, 1999;Clarke et al, 2002, Wilson andBraley, 1997;Wintle et al, 1998). Forest fires also resulted in bare surfaces where wind erosion could become dominant (Filion, 1984;Filion et al, 1991;Kayhkö et al, 1999). Later, humanity had increasing impact of on its environment, thus sand movements occurred due to anthropogenic activities (Wilkins and Currey, 1999;Wilson and Braley, 1997;Wintle et al, 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Changes in Historical Times Near Apostag on the Danube-Tisza Interfluve, Hungary (A Complex Research Based on Archaeological Excavation and Geomorphological Investigations)

Nyári

Knipl²,

Sípos

et al. 2014

Journal of Environmental Geography

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The sensitive, partly fixed dune areas are good indicators of alteration, since they react rapidly to changing environmental conditions. Due to the climate changes, especially the increased aridity during the Holocene, many blown sand areas became active. Later, humanity had increasing impact of on its environment, thus sand movements occurred due to anthropogenic activities. Aeolian activities were identified not only in the historical times but also a few decades ago, when the moving sand caused significant problems on surfaces becoming bare. The present work will provide good evidence on sand movement in historical times caused by human impact on the environment with the help of OSL dating and archaeological research in the vicinity of the town of Apostag, which is located on the largest blown-sand area of Hungary on the Danube-Tisza Interfluve. The aims of the research were to identify the ethnical groups and their possible activities; to map the geomorphology of the study area; to determine the periods of aeolian activity; to assign the possible types of human activities in connection with climatic changes enabling aeolian activity.

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“…Although climate warming will likely increase the extent of open sandhills, there may be a lag period and there is concern that deterioration may proceed before climate change reverses the trend (S. A. Wolfe personal communication; Wolfe and Thorpe 2005). One of the reasons for their loss is the decline of nat u ral processes such as fire which leads to continual rejuvenation (e.g., Filion 1984), and without which they become overgrown with dense vegetation. However, fire may not be the only important factor in main tain ing a landscape with open sand.…”

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Decline of Two Open Champlain Sea Dune Systems in Eastern Ontario and Their Characteristic and Restricted Plants and Insects

2008

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Open sandy areas have existed for hundreds or thousands of years in eastern Ontario but they have declined to approximately 1% of their former extent over the last 60-70 years. The history and decline of this unusual habitat, and its consequences for protection of biodiversity, are explored through reference to historical documents and collections as well as current surveys using two exemplary sites: Slack Road south of Ottawa and Crystal Rock in Edwardsburgh Township north of Prescott. Planting trees to eliminate these open areas, before their biodiversity value was understood, is a primary cause of the decline, but cessation of fire, invasive species and urban development have also been contributing factors. The two exemplary areas have a very similar flora and fauna and collectively contain at least five provincially rare and 65 regionally rare species, many of which are dependent on dry, open, inland sand deposits not directly associated with rivers or lakes. Based on the present rate of decline, these sandy habitats, along with their specialized flora and fauna, may be gone in a decade or two. On the other hand, the biodiversity-rich remnants could serve as nuclei for the recolonization of a restored ecosystem.

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A relationship between dunes, fire and climate recorded in the Holocene deposits of Quebec

Cited by 135 publications

References 13 publications

Analyse macrofossile et pollinique de paléosols de dunes en Hudsonie, Québec nordique

Analyse macrofossile et pollinique de paléosols de dunes en Hudsonie, Québec nordique

Environmental Changes in Historical Times Near Apostag on the Danube-Tisza Interfluve, Hungary (A Complex Research Based on Archaeological Excavation and Geomorphological Investigations)

Decline of Two Open Champlain Sea Dune Systems in Eastern Ontario and Their Characteristic and Restricted Plants and Insects

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