A relação entre a interação mãe-criança no desenvolvimento da linguagem oral de recém-nascidos prematuros

Abstract

Purpose:To verify relations between the oral language development of preterm children and the quality of mother-child interaction. Methods:The subjects of this research were 20 mother and child dyads. An interview was conducted with the mother to obtain data about birth and life conditions. The development of oral language of the children was assessed using a test that evaluates phonology, fluency, vocabulary and pragmatics. Results: It was observed that the most part of mothers considered themselves the main caretaker and behavior´s control and care are more important the stimulus in dyadic relation. All children scored bellow the expected for their age in the tests performed. Conclusion:Besides the contribution of biological factors associated to prematureness, these results can be attributed to the quantity and quality of mother-child interaction, since mothers informed to prioritize obedience and good behavior more than stimulation of the development. RESUMO Objetivo: Verificar o impacto da interação mãe-criança no desenvolvimento da linguagem oral de crianças pré-termo, visto que a prematuridade pode prejudicar esse processo. Métodos: Participaram da pesquisa 20 díades de mães e filhos de 5 a 6 anos de idade, com diagnóstico de prematuridade ao nascimento. Realizou-se anamnese com as mães e avaliação da linguagem oral das crianças. Resultados: As mães, em sua maioria, se consideraram como as principais cuidadoras de seus filhos e referiram ser mais importante controlar o comportamento e cuidar, do que estimulá-los. As crianças, por sua vez, apresentaram desempenho abaixo do esperado para todos os testes realizados. Conclusão: Além da contribuição dos fatores biológicos associados à prematuridade, esses resultados podem ser atribuídos à quantidade e à qualidade da interação materno-infantil, visto que as mães informaram priorizar a obediência e o bom comportamento mais que o estímulo ao desenvolvimento, na educação dos filhos. Descritores: Linguagem; Relações Mãe-Filho; Prematuro; Psicologia; Fonoaudiologia Brocchi BS, Leme MIS ACR 2013;18(4):321-31 322

Audição e linguagem em crianças nascidas a termo e pré-termo

“…Such fact was not observed in this study, since the maturation of the auditory pathway was similar in both groups, which can be justified due to the fact that the development depends on the stimulation received by the child, the environment in which he/she is inserted and possible complications along his/her development (12,13,14,15) . Some authors report that, concomitant with the maturation of the auditory function, it occurs the development of speech and language skills, since the period of reception of the auditory language symbols is a prerequisite for the subsequent formulation of language (28) .…”

“…Other authors studied the mother-child interaction in the development of oral language of preterm newborns and they observed that the preterm children presented language performance inferior to the one expected for their chronological age, noting also that the longer the mother-child interaction and the higher the socioeconomic status of the family, the better the performance of the child in oral discourse (13) . Thus, it is noteworthy that two subjects of this research, one from the Term Group and other from the Preterm group, required specialist referral for language therapy, due to the low score obtained through the protocol.…”

“…The development of language, in all its aspects, such as vocabulary, phonology, fluency and pragmatic is related to social exchanges between children and the environment, which are mainly given by auditory experiences, in the case of oral languages. These social interactions become even more important in the case of preterm children, who require follow-ups and stimuli for the appropriate development according to their chronological age (13,14) . Most of the studies that compared the linguistic development of preterm and term children identified some delay in the development of the preterm group when compared to children born at term, particularly in relation to language development (13,14,15) .…”

Relação entre as habilidades auditivas no primeiro ano de vida e o diagnóstico de linguagem em prematuros

“…Prematurity is one of the risk factors for a delay in child development [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] , including auditory development. Both early diagnosis and the development monitoring of these children during the childhood are imperative in this case.…”

Aleitamento materno e aspectos fonoaudiológicos: conhecimento e aceitação de mães de uma maternidade

“…Educative and supportive groups help mothers overcome obstacles in the period of admission, taking into consideration their differences and expanding the health professionals´ view towards patients (7) . Organizing educational groups promotes knowledge exchange with parents and family on maternal care, children maturation and the importance of interaction between family and baby (8) , mainly their mothers (9) , in maternities. Speech Therapists work in the period of hospitalization offering guidelines about breastfeeding and aspects of speech--language pathology (10) .…”