A relação de intermedicalidade nos Índios Truká, em Cabrobó - Pernambuco

Abstract

Introdução:Os conhecimentos tradicionais indíge-nas de saúde fundamentam-se em uma abordagem holística, cujo princípio é a harmonia de indivídu-os, famílias e comunidades com o universo que os rodeia. Um dos desafios que antecede a atuação dos profissionais de saúde é o respeito à diferença, em que os conhecimentos e tecnologias da Biomedicina não devem ser transmitidos verticalmente, tornando-se imprescindível o reconhecimento da diversidade social e cultural dos povos indígenas. Objetivo: Identificar as práticas de autoatenção nos índios Truká e a relação dessa população com a biomedicina, constatando a ocorrência ou não de interrelação das práticas biomédicas com os sistemas tradicionais de cura. Metodologia: O estudo é caracterizado como uma pesquisa de cunho qualitativo. Para a realização dessa pesquisa, foram coletados os dados no Polo Base Truká, em Cabrobó e no Território Indígena, na Ilha de Assunção. A coleta de dados foi realizada durante os meses de novembro de 2010 e janeiro de 2011, quando foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas aliadas ao método de Observação Participante e registro em Diário de Campo. Os sujeitos da pesquisa foram vinte e um indivíduos, incluindo índios Truká e profissionais da equipe multidisciplinar de saúde indígena. Resultados: Para os Truká, o processo de cura é polissêmico. Composto por posse do território, práticas rituais, tais como o Toré, rezas, além do uso de lambedor e garrafadas. Por sua vez, fazem uso dos medicamentos alopáticos, em um processo chamado de intermedicalidade. Palavras-chave: Interculturalidade; Índios sul-americanos; Política de saúde indígena; Saúde Indígena. AbstractIntroduction: Traditional indigenous knowledge about health is based on a holistic approach, which in turn is founded on harmony between people, families and community and the universe that surrounds them. One of the challenges that precedes the work of health professionals is respect for differences, where the knowledge and technologies of biomedicine cannot be transmitted vertically, showing that recognition of the cultural and social diversity of indigenous people is vital. Objective: To identify the self-attention practices of Truká Indians and this population's relationship with biomedicine, witnessing the occurrence or absence of an interrelationship between biomedicinal practices and traditional healing systems. Metodology: This study is characterized as a qualitative research project. To conduct this survey, data were collected at the Truká`s central base in Cabrobó and on indigenous territory, on Assunção Island. Data were collected between November 2010 and January 2011, when semi-structured interviews associated with the "Participant Observation" method were conducted, and a field diary was used. Twenty-one individuals took part in that research, including Truká Indians and professionals on a multidisciplinary Indian health team. Results: For the Truká Indians, the cure process is polysemic. It is composed of territory ownership, ritual practices such as the Toré ritual,...

Considerações bioéticas sobre a relação médico-paciente indígena

“…It is in this sense that we speak of the process of intermedicality or therapeutic plurality as a way of adding knowledge based on traditional medicine and other forms of non-medical knowledge in theory and practice, as is the case of the intrinsic knowledge of indigenous health 23 . Consideration should also be given to drug interactions when attempting to reconcile indigenous treatment and conventional medical treatment, and the need to understand why this physician-patient relationship is possible.…”

Cultural singularities: indigenous elderly access to Public Health Service

“…The current indigenous health policy is determined with respect to traditional healing practices and is not a replacement for biomedical services, but little is done to implement focused care policies to focus on the problem of interculturalism, and therefore measures need to be established that enhance the articulation of traditional healing practices with biomedicine (3) . The lack of access to culturally appropriate health services (meaning culturally congruent), may have negative influences on professional care (16) , since culture can mitigate or exacerbate the challenges of indigenous access to health services (11) .…”

“…Even after the implementation of the Indigenous Healthcare Subsystem in Brazil and investment in establishing local health services in Indigenous Lands (TI) across the country with extensive expansion of primary care coverage, the barriers of indigenous access to SUS have not been overcome (2) . Even after all these years, the current model of indigenous health care in Brazil can still be characterized as an ongoing process (3) . The indigenous access to health departments is poorly represented in the research, with insufficient numbers of published scientific papers that analyze this topic of Brazilian indigenous groups, and these in most cases are either restricted to certain ethnic groups (3) , or aren't the main focus of discussion (4)(5) .…”

“…Even after all these years, the current model of indigenous health care in Brazil can still be characterized as an ongoing process (3) . The indigenous access to health departments is poorly represented in the research, with insufficient numbers of published scientific papers that analyze this topic of Brazilian indigenous groups, and these in most cases are either restricted to certain ethnic groups (3) , or aren't the main focus of discussion (4)(5) . Until now, studies that portray the access of indigenous elderly to health services haven't been identified in national databases.…”

Social representations of the health care of the Mbyá-Guarani indigenous population by health workers

“…Indigenous health care for the different ethnic groups that compose the indigenous health care subsystem has been characterized by therapeutic plurality, which is the simultaneous use of several health practices, and this is supported by the health professionals 2 . Indigenous people involved in health care services have several designations, including pajes, healers, shamans, chanters, kuiãs, and karaís.…”