“…Academics have explained Japan's response to this position in terms of 'soft power' (see for example, Akaha 2005). As a policy approach, from the 1980s Japan sought to convey its soft power credentials, notably through efforts to define a 'comprehensive security' approach (Sudo 2001), and by the 1990s, the prevailing 'soft' discourse had turned to the concept of 'human security' (Gilson and Purvis 2003). In particular, when Sadako Ogata, former chair of the Commission on Human Security, became the president of JICA, there was the unsurprising follow-through of the concept (Shinoda 2009).…”