A Regression Analysis of the Carbon Footprint of Megacities

Paravantis, John A.; Tasios, Panagiotis; Dourmas, Vasileios; Andreakos, Georgios; Velaoras, Konstantinos; Kontoulis, Nikoletta; Mihalakakou, Panagiota

doi:10.3390/su13031379

Cited by 15 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…The importance that cities are acquiring both in energy consumption and in the valuation of their emissions is reflected not only in the measures that governments are taking, but also in the studies carried out by researchers [17]. In cities, buildings are one of the main elements that consume energy and emit pollutants [18].…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Population Density on CO2 Emissions Eliminating the Influence of Climate

Zarco-Periñán

Zarco-Soto

2021

Atmosphere

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More than 50% of the world’s population lives in cities. Its buildings consume more than a third of the energy and generate 40% of the emissions. This makes cities in general and their buildings in particular priority points of attention for policymakers and utilities. This paper uses population density as a variable to know its influence on energy consumption and emissions produced in buildings. Furthermore, to show its effect more clearly, the influence of the climate was eliminated. The usual energy consumption in buildings is thermal and electrical. The study was carried out at the city level, both per inhabitant and per household. The area actually occupied by the city was considered. The proposed method was applied to the case of Spanish cities with more than 50,000 inhabitants. The results show that the higher the population density, the higher the energy consumption per inhabitant and household in buildings. The consumption of thermal energy is elastic, while that of electrical energy is inelastic, varying more than 100% between extreme groups. Regarding CO2 emissions, the higher the population density, the higher the emissions. Emissions of electrical origin barely vary by 2% and are greater than those of thermal origin. In addition, the proportion of emissions of electrical origin, with respect to the total, decreases with increasing population density from 74% to 55%. This research aims to help policymakers and utilities to take the appropriate measures that favor the use of renewable energies and reduce CO2 emissions.

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Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Population Density on CO2 Emissions Eliminating the Influence of Climate

Zarco-Periñán

Zarco-Soto

2021

Atmosphere

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“…The latest nationwide forest inventory conducted from 2016 to 2019 shows that the forest cover is 12.8% of Bangladesh which is 14.1% of the country's total land area [13,14]. Dhaka, Bangladesh's capital, is one of the world's top ten megacities, overgrowing in population of 21 million, trailed by Asian megacities such as Tokyo, Delhi, Shanghai, São Paulo, and Mexico City [15][16][17]. For 1528 km 2 of informal urbanization, climate change and environmental pollution have affected 18.2 million inhabitants [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prospects and challenges of achieving sustainable urban green-spaces: A case study of urban greening in Dhaka North City Corporation (DNCC), Bangladesh

Shammi

Reza

Sarker

et al. 2023

PLOS Sustain Transform

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Urban green spaces and urban forest covers are a significant component of urban planning which is critically ignored in Bangladesh. This study aims to identify the prospects and challenges of achieving sustainable urban green spaces in Dhaka North City Corporation (DNCC), Bangladesh which is a significant indicator of the sustainable development goal (SDG11). We have analyzed the historical land use and land cover change (LULC) from 1992, 2002, 2012, and 2022 using Landsat 4–5 Thematic Mapper (TM), Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+), and Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) images by ArcGIS 10.8 and Google Earth-pro software. The use of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) primarily indicates vegetation greenness as well as determining other land uses such as waterbody, settlements and barren land. The calculated kappa values varied from 80% to 86.7% for all the years and fit the current research. A strength-weakness-opportunity-threat (SWOT) analysis reviewed and analyzed existing sectoral policy and plans to identify challenges to achieve sustainable urban forestry. Fifteen key informant interviews (KII) from Dhaka North City Corporation (DNCC), Department of Environment (DOE), Bangladesh Forest Department (BFD), and Department of Social Forestry Department (DSF) wing under BFD were taken to identify the status of urban forestry, its problems, opportunities, and threats. The responses were drawn using a Driver-Pressure-State-Impact-Response (DPSIR) framework. Of the total measurements of 194.2sq km (2022), normal vegetation cover has decreased significantly from 1992 to 2022 by approximately 65.9%, while urban areas increased by almost 95% simultaneously. From 1992 to 2022, areas of water bodies decreased by more than 32.4%. The vegetation coverage in DNCC is only 16.17%, inferior in meeting sustainable urban greening to fulfil the criteria of sustainable cities and communities. From the KII, it is found that despite some relevant forestry policy and plans, limited lands, institutional corruption, and weak governance are the major institutional drawbacks. In the DNCC, unplanned and rapid megacity expansion, roads and utility service expansion weak institutional policy, plan, and program implementation for urban green space protection are some of the driving forces of green cover loss. Introducing strategic environmental assessment of urban forestry policy, plans, and programs, removing inter-institutional conflicts, strategic sectoral plans, and programs for increased green spaces through the bioeconomy concept is required. In addition, increased participation from urban stakeholders is some of the significant responses identified for strategic urban green space and forest cover improvement in DNCC.

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“…Scholars evaluating the impact of consumption in the household sector usually used the footprints' indicators [6,51,52]. The carbon footprint is mostly used, whereas it could reveal both the tendencies of sustainable consumption and achievement of the climate change policy targets [53][54][55][56][57]. In recent years, this indicator was used in various countries or country groups e.g., the United States [58,59], Norway [60,61], China [62][63][64][65][66][67], Japan [68,69], Nordic countries [70], and also separate European Union countries [71][72][73][74][75].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable Consumption in the Baltic States: The Carbon Footprint in the Household Sector

Liobikienė

Brizga

2022

Sustainability

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Sustainable consumption is one of the main aspects while implementing sustainable development goals. The main feature of sustainable consumption is the reduction of environmental impact. Thus, it is vital to understand and evaluate the environmental impact caused by consumption. In this paper, carbon footprint analyses of the Baltic States for the period of 2000–2019 were used to study sustainable consumption and pro-environmental behavior development. The results show not only how carbon footprint changes in different consumption categories (e.g., mobility, housing, food, and services), but whether it is related to changes in pro-environmental behavior as the promotion of sustainable consumption is crucial to reduce the consumption-based carbon footprint. The results from multi-regional input-output analyses show that in the Baltic States 62–71% of all the household carbon footprint is attributed to the three main consumption categories—transport, food, and housing. These categories are also responsible for 53–56% of the household expenditure. Consequently, changes in our mobility, food consumption, and housing management practices can significantly reduce the household environmental impacts. However, to minimize carbon footprints, behavioral changes are not enough; structural changes in the agro-food, housing, energy, and transport systems are also needed.

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A Regression Analysis of the Carbon Footprint of Megacities

Cited by 15 publications

References 49 publications

Influence of Population Density on CO2 Emissions Eliminating the Influence of Climate

Influence of Population Density on CO2 Emissions Eliminating the Influence of Climate

Prospects and challenges of achieving sustainable urban green-spaces: A case study of urban greening in Dhaka North City Corporation (DNCC), Bangladesh

Sustainable Consumption in the Baltic States: The Carbon Footprint in the Household Sector

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