A regional comparison of socioeconomic and health indices in a Canadian province

Frohlich, Norman; Mustard, Cam

doi:10.1016/0277-9536(95)00220-0

Cited by 70 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Like their UK counterparts, 2,10,14 the indices presented in Frohlich, 11 Pampalon, 13 and Langlois 12 were designed to identify the conditions unique to Canadians living in Manitoba and Montreal. The Socioeconomic Factor Index (SEFI) proposed in Frohlich 11 has been used to draw linkages between incidents of low income and readmission of newborns, 15 and to identify the conditions that affect adolescent reproductive health.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Deprivation Indices, Population Health and Geography: An Evaluation of the Spatial Effectiveness of Indices at Multiple Scales

et al. 2007

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Area-based deprivation indices (ABDIs) have become a common tool with which to investigate the patterns and magnitude of socioeconomic inequalities in health. ABDIs are also used as a proxy for individual socioeconomic status. Despite their widespread use, comparably less attention has been focused on their geographic variability and practical concerns surrounding the Modifiable Area Unit Problem (MAUP) than on the individual attributes that make up the indices. Although scale is increasingly recognized as an important factor in interpreting mapped results among population health researchers, less attention has been paid specifically to ABDI and scale. In this paper, we highlight the effect of scale on indices by mapping ABDIs at multiple census scales in an urban area. In addition, we compare self-rated health data from the Canadian Community Health Survey with ABDIs at two census scales. The results of our analysis confirm the influence of spatial extent and scale on mapping population health-with potential implications for health policy implementation and resource distribution.KEYWORDS Deprivation indices, MAUP, Population health, Scale. A BRIEF BIOGRAPHY OF POPULATION HEALTH INDICES COMMONLY USED IN CANADAThe use of census data to quantify socioeconomic deprivation is a generally wellaccepted method of identifying populations with poorer health outcomes.1-5 The history of census-based area deprivation indices dates back to at least until 1971, when the Department of the Environment (DOE) in the United Kingdom used data taken from the census to identify localities where a high proportion of households were exposed to adverse social and economic conditions. 6 The indices were developed to more effectively identify areas in need of resources to improve quality of life. Publications stemming from The Black Report, 7 the Whitehall, 8 and Acheson studies 9 launched additional public scrutiny of the relationship between socioeconomic gradients and health status. These studies have spurred a relatively new yet increasingly popular framework that uses socioeconomic data taken from the census to quantify deprivation and demonstrate its relationship with population health. 2,[10][11][12][13][14] Schuurman, Bell, and Oliver are with the

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“…These studies have spurred a relatively new yet increasingly popular framework that uses socioeconomic data taken from the census to quantify deprivation and demonstrate its relationship with population health. 2,[10][11][12][13][14] Schuurman, Bell, and Oliver are with the …”

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confidence: 99%

Deprivation Indices, Population Health and Geography: An Evaluation of the Spatial Effectiveness of Indices at Multiple Scales

et al. 2007

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“…The socioeconomic status of the study subjects was assigned by applying the Socioeconomic Factor Index, a composite index based on several neighbourhood-level social determinants of wealth, to each individual's area of residence [30][31][32] .…”

Section: Data Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Risk of Colorectal Cancer Is Not Increased after a Diagnosis of Urothelial Cancer: A Population-Based Study

et al. 2016

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“…We constructed an SES index from census variables using a methodology previously employed for Canadian Census data (43). The index with the greatest explanatory power comprised variables describing educational attainment and family structure [see Buckeridge (35) for greater detail].…”

Section: Measurement Of Sesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of motor vehicle emissions on respiratory health in an urban area.

Buckeridge

Glazier

Harvey

et al. 2002

Environ Health Perspect

114

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Motor vehicles emit particulate matter < 2.5 microm in diameter (PM(2.5)), and as a result, PM(2.5) concentrations tend to be elevated near busy streets. Studies of the relationship between motor vehicle emissions and respiratory health are generally limited by difficulties in exposure assessment. We developed a refined exposure model and implemented it using a geographic information system to estimate the average daily census enumeration area (EA) exposure to PM(2.5). Southeast Toronto, the study area, includes 334 EAs and covers 16 km(2) of urban area. We used hospital admission diagnostic codes from 1990 to 1992 to measure respiratory and genitourinary conditions. We assessed the effect of EA exposure on hospital admissions using a Poisson mixed-effects model and examined the spatial distributions of variables. Exposure to PM(2.5) has a significant effect on admission rates for a subset of respiratory diagnoses (asthma, bronchitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pneumonia, upper respiratory tract infection), with a relative risk of 1.24 (95% confidence interval, 1.05-1.45) for a log(10) increase in exposure. We noted a weaker effect of exposure on hospitalization for all respiratory conditions, and no effect on hospitalization for nonrespiratory conditions.

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A regional comparison of socioeconomic and health indices in a Canadian province

Cited by 70 publications

References 34 publications

Deprivation Indices, Population Health and Geography: An Evaluation of the Spatial Effectiveness of Indices at Multiple Scales

Deprivation Indices, Population Health and Geography: An Evaluation of the Spatial Effectiveness of Indices at Multiple Scales

The Risk of Colorectal Cancer Is Not Increased after a Diagnosis of Urothelial Cancer: A Population-Based Study

Effect of motor vehicle emissions on respiratory health in an urban area.

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