A reexamination of motor and prefrontal TMS in tobacco use disorder: Time for personalized dosing based on electric field modeling?

Caulfield, Kevin A.; Li, Xingbao; George, Mark S.

doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2021.06.015

Cited by 27 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…As such, they partially call the validity of prior modeling studies using solely T1w MRI scans, including our own work, into question. For instance, we previously used T1w only meshes for TMS E-field modeling, finding that prefrontal TMS-induced E-fields were significantly lower than motor E-fields and prefrontal TMS should therefore be performed at 133.5% of the motor stimulation intensity to produce equivalent E-fields [11]. Given our current finding that prefrontal mesh accuracy and E-fields are differentially affected by T1w only scans, these prior results warrant further investigation.…”

Section: Brain Stimulationmentioning

confidence: 77%

Accurate tissue segmentation from including both T1-weighted and T2-weighted MRI scans significantly affect electric field simulations of prefrontal but not motor TMS

2022

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Section: Brain Stimulationmentioning

confidence: 77%

Accurate tissue segmentation from including both T1-weighted and T2-weighted MRI scans significantly affect electric field simulations of prefrontal but not motor TMS

2022

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“…Increasingly, studies suggest that rTMS produces variable E-field strengths in the human cortex. Some of these studies have argued that standardization of the E-field strength between two cortical regions may reduce the response variability to rTMS (Zmeykina et al, 2020 ; Caulfield et al, 2021 ; Turi et al, 2021b ). However, even when the mean E-field strengths between two cortical targets are closely matched, differences in the physiological responses to rTMS may arise because of differences in the spatial E-field distribution.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dosing Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation of the Primary Motor and Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortices With Multi-Scale Modeling

et al. 2022

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Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) can depolarize cortical neurons through the intact skin and skull. The characteristics of the induced electric field (E-field) have a major impact on specific outcomes of TMS. Using multi-scale computational modeling, we explored whether the stimulation parameters derived from the primary motor cortex (M1) induce comparable macroscopic E-field strengths and subcellular/cellular responses in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). To this aim, we calculated the TMS-induced E-field in 16 anatomically realistic head models and simulated the changes in membrane voltage and intracellular calcium levels of morphologically and biophysically realistic human pyramidal cells in the M1 and DLPFC. We found that the conventional intensity selection methods (i.e., motor threshold and fixed intensities) produce variable macroscopic E-fields. Consequently, it was challenging to produce comparable subcellular/cellular responses across cortical regions with distinct folding characteristics. Prospectively, personalized stimulation intensity selection could standardize the E-fields and the subcellular/cellular responses to repetitive TMS across cortical regions and individuals. The suggested computational approach points to the shortcomings of the conventional intensity selection methods used in clinical settings. We propose that multi-scale modeling has the potential to overcome some of these limitations and broaden our understanding of the neuronal mechanisms for TMS.

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“…This difference can be due to the presence of more pyramidal cells in the motor cortex and the different effects of TMS on the function of neurotransmitters [41]. Also, by stimulation of the motor cortex and prefrontal by TMS, it has been shown that the electric fields caused by the stimulation of the motor cortex are higher than in prefrontal cortex and the excitability threshold of the prefrontal area is much higher than the motor area [42], maybe in line with the results of the present study, in which we showed that the effect of methamphetamine was greater on cells of the motor cortex that have higher excitability, which led to the production of more ROS and UPE in this area. The production of excess UPE in the retina and visual cortex may lead to phosphonic light (biophysical images), and these photons can be converted into biophysical images (phosphene) only in the V1 and V2 regions due to their retinotopic structure [43].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Methamphetamine on Ultraweak Photon Emission and Level of Reactive Oxygen Species in Male Rat Brain

Lotfealian

Esmaeilpour

Anvari

et al. 2022

Preprint

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All living cells, including neurons, generate ultra-weak photon emission (UPE) during biological activity, and in particular, in the brain, it has been shown that UPE is correlated with neuronal activity and associated metabolic processes. Various intracellular factors, as well as external factors, can reduce or increase the intensity of UPE. In this study, we have used Methamphetamine (METH) as one potentially effective external factor, which is a substance that has the property of stimulating the central nervous system. METH can impair mitochondrial function by causing toxicity via various pathways, including an increase in the number of mitochondria, hyperthermia, the increased metabolic activity of the brain, and the production of glutamate and excess calcium. In addition to mitochondrial dysfunction, METH alters cellular homeostasis, leading to cell damage and the production of excess ROS. The aim of this study is to measure and compare the UPE intensity and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels of the prefrontal, motor, and visual cortex before and after METH administration. Twenty male rats were randomly assigned to two groups, the control, and METH groups. In the control group, 2 hours after injection of normal saline and without any intervention, and in the experimental group 2 hours after IP injection of 20 mg/kg METH, sections were prepared from three areas: prefrontal, motor, and V1-V2 cortex, which were used to evaluate the emission of UPE using a photomultiplier tube (PMT) device and to evaluate the amount of ROS. The results showed that the amount of ROS and UPE in the experimental group in all three areas significantly increased compared to the control group. So, METH increases UPE and ROS in the prefrontal, motor, and visual regions, and there is a direct relationship between UPE intensity and ROS production. Therefore, UPE can be used as a dynamic reading tool to monitor oxidative metabolism in physiological processes related to ROS. Also, the results of this experiment can support the hypothesis that the production of excess UPE may lead to the phenomenon of phosphene and visual hallucinations.

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A reexamination of motor and prefrontal TMS in tobacco use disorder: Time for personalized dosing based on electric field modeling?

Cited by 27 publications

References 59 publications

Accurate tissue segmentation from including both T1-weighted and T2-weighted MRI scans significantly affect electric field simulations of prefrontal but not motor TMS

Accurate tissue segmentation from including both T1-weighted and T2-weighted MRI scans significantly affect electric field simulations of prefrontal but not motor TMS

Dosing Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation of the Primary Motor and Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortices With Multi-Scale Modeling

Effect of Methamphetamine on Ultraweak Photon Emission and Level of Reactive Oxygen Species in Male Rat Brain

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