A reduced-graphene oxide-modified microelectrode for a repeatable detection of antipsychotic clozapine using microliters-volumes of whole blood

Shukla, Rajendra P.; Cazelles, Rémi; Kelly, Deanna L.; Ben‐Yoav, Hadar

doi:10.1016/j.talanta.2019.120560

Cited by 21 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The values for this parameter vary widely between different studies, depending on the chemical constitution of the chosen electrode and the pH values of the medium, but most studies report the application of a potential of approximately −1.0 V (vs. SCE) [56]. The intense cathodic potential aims to promote the reduction of the oxygenated groups of the graphene oxide sheets, making their deposition on the electrode possible [61,[63][64][65][66]. When reduced or partially reduced (depending on the conditions, the electrodeposited graphene oxide will be partially reduced), the sheets become more insoluble and stick to the surface of the conductive material [56,61,64,65].…”

Section: Electrodeposition Of Graphene Oxidementioning

confidence: 99%

Nanocomposite Materials Based on Electrochemically Synthesized Graphene Polymers: Molecular Architecture Strategies for Sensor Applications

et al. 2021

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The use of graphene and its derivatives in the development of electrochemical sensors has been growing in recent decades. Part of this success is due to the excellent characteristics of such materials, such as good electrical and mechanical properties and a large specific surface area. The formation of composites and nanocomposites with these two materials leads to better sensing performance compared to pure graphene and conductive polymers. The increased large specific surface area of the nanocomposites and the synergistic effect between graphene and conducting polymers is responsible for this interesting result. The most widely used methodologies for the synthesis of these materials are still based on chemical routes. However, electrochemical routes have emerged and are gaining space, affording advantages such as low cost and the promising possibility of modulation of the structural characteristics of composites. As a result, application in sensor devices can lead to increased sensitivity and decreased analysis cost. Thus, this review presents the main aspects for the construction of nanomaterials based on graphene oxide and conducting polymers, as well as the recent efforts made to apply this methodology in the development of sensors and biosensors.

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Section: Electrodeposition Of Graphene Oxidementioning

confidence: 99%

Nanocomposite Materials Based on Electrochemically Synthesized Graphene Polymers: Molecular Architecture Strategies for Sensor Applications

et al. 2021

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“…Characteristic D and G bands of the carbonaceous materials of bare carbon fibre appear at 1,350 and 1,587 cm −1 respectively. In comparison, the rGO-coated carbon fibres exhibit dominant peaks corresponding to D and G bands in the range of 1,348-1,363 cm −1 and 1,589-1,599 cm −1 , respectively (Farajikhah et al, 2019;Shukla et al, 2020). The Raman spectra of potentiostatic deposition of rGO on carbon fibre and three cycles CV rGO on carbon fibre are displayed in Supplementary Figure S2.…”

Section: Characterisationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Graphene and its composites have been the focus of much research due to its electrical conductivity, large surface area and high electrocatalytic activity. rGO and its hybrids are widely studied as potential electrode materials for electrochemical sensors and biosensors (Selvam et al, 2016;Yang et al, 2018;Ramezani et al, 2019;Shukla et al, 2020). rGO is produced by the reduction of graphene oxide (GO) from aqueous solutions, making it suitable for a wide variety of biobased applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduced Graphene Oxide Carbon Yarn Electrodes for Drug Sensing

et al. 2021

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A modified carbon fibre yarn sensor was developed for the voltammetric determination of paracetamol and its interferents (dopamine and ascorbic acid). Reduced graphene oxide (rGO) was electrochemically deposited onto a carbon fibre yarn. Further modification was achieved using polypyrrole (PPy) coated onto the rGO carbon fibre yarn via electropolymerisation of pyrrole with cyclic voltammetry (CV). The surface of the rGO and PPy-rGO carbon fibre electrodes were characterised using Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The rGO and PPy-rGO carbon fibres had a 3.5-fold and 7-fold larger electrochemical surface area compared to bare carbon fibre (calculated using the Randles-Sevcik equation). Two clearly distinguished oxidation peaks at 0.49 and 0.25 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) were observed at the rGO fibre electrode during the simultaneous detection of paracetamol and dopamine, respectively, by CV. The detection limit (3σ S/N) of the rGO carbon fibre electrode for differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) determination of paracetamol was at 21.1 and 6.0 µM for dopamine. In comparison, the simultaneous determination of paracetamol and dopamine by CV at the PPy-rGO fibre electrode gave oxidation peaks of paracetamol and dopamine at 0.55 and 0.25 V (vs. Ag/AgCl), respectively. The detection limit (3σ S/N) for paracetamol was notably improved to 3.7 µM and maintained at 6.0 µM for dopamine at the PPy-rGO carbon fibre electrode during DPV.

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“…For example, clozapine is the most effective antipsychotic medication for schizophrenia, but it is dramatically underutilized due to a burdensome monitoring scheme. We propose to overcome the analytical challenges by designing an intelligent multi-sensor array that will be modified with micro/nanometer-thick films [2]. The films are based on 2D materials (reduced graphene oxide, MoS2 and WS2) that increase the electrocatalytic activity of the sensors and the underlying variability of the electrochemical signals generated by the antipsychotics.…”

Section: Published: 14 November 2020mentioning

confidence: 99%

Intelligent Multi-Electrode Array for Real-Time Treatment Monitoring of Antipsychotic Clozapine

Shukla

Aroosh²,

Liu³

et al. 2020

7th International Electronic Conference on Sensors and Applications

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A reduced-graphene oxide-modified microelectrode for a repeatable detection of antipsychotic clozapine using microliters-volumes of whole blood

Cited by 21 publications

References 33 publications

Nanocomposite Materials Based on Electrochemically Synthesized Graphene Polymers: Molecular Architecture Strategies for Sensor Applications

Nanocomposite Materials Based on Electrochemically Synthesized Graphene Polymers: Molecular Architecture Strategies for Sensor Applications

Reduced Graphene Oxide Carbon Yarn Electrodes for Drug Sensing

Intelligent Multi-Electrode Array for Real-Time Treatment Monitoring of Antipsychotic Clozapine

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