A record of climatic changes in the Triassic palynological spectra from Poland

Abstract

Fija³kowska-Mader, A., 2015. A re cord of cli ma tic changes in the Tri as sic palynological spec tra from Po land. Geo log i cal Quar terly, 59 (4): 615-653, doi: 10.7306/gq.1239 Based on quan ti ta tive and qual i ta tive anal y ses of Tri as sic miospore as sem blages from dif fer ent re gions of Po land, cli ma tic changes have been doc u mented. The ma te rial came from pub lished and ar chi val works of Or³owska-Zwoliñska and of the pres ent au thor. It com prises ten palynological zones dis tin guished in the Tri as sic of Po land. Two dif fer ent palynological meth ods were ap plied in this study -palyno-palaeoclimatic (PPC) model and sporomorph ecogroup (SEG) model -to ob tain palaeoclimatic and palaeoenvironmetal data.The PPC model is based on the per cent ra tio of xe ro phyt ic and hygrophytic el ements in miospore as sem blages. Dom i nance of xe ro phyt ic el e ments (spores and pol len grains of xe ro phyt ic plants) in dicates dry cli mate con di tions, and a higher ra tio of hygrophytic forms (spores and pol len grains of hygrohytic plants) re flects hu mid phases. A sig nif i cant dom i nance of xe ro phyt ic el e ments in ma jor ity of the ana lysed as sem blages sug gests a dry climate dur ing most of the Tri as sic. An in crease of the num ber of hygrophytic el e ments is ob served in the as sem blages found in the Mid dle Buntsandstein, Up per Muschelkalk, Lower Keuper (Sulechów Beds), Schilfsandstein, Jarkowo Beds and Wielichowo Beds. It marks cli mate humidification in the Olenekian, Ladinian, Mid dle Carnian, Late Norian and Rhaetian, respec tively. The SEG model, con nect ing dis persed spores and pol len with the floristic palaeocommunites that oc cu pied deter mined eco log i cal niches, was ap plied for palaeoenvironmetal in ter pre ta tion. Four SEGs were re cog nized in the Tri as sic spore-pol len as sem blages: Up land, Low land and River, Coastal, and not at trib uted. The Uppland SEG dom i nates in these as sem blages with ex cep tion of the spec tra found in the Lower and Mid dle Buntsandstein, Up per Muschelkalk, Lower Keuper, Schilfsandstein, Jarkowo Beds and Wielichowo Beds, where the Low land and River SEG oc cur more nu mer ously.

A continental record of the Carnian Pluvial Episode (CPE) from the Mercia Mudstone Group (UK): palynology and climatic implications

“…The preliminary magnetostratigraphy of the MMG (Hounslow et al 2002) suggests that the Ladinian/Carnian boundary may be placed in the upper part of the SMF. However, characteristic Ladinian taxa from the Germanic Basins such as Heliosaccus dimorphus or Echinitosporites iliacoides (Kürschner & Herngreen 2010) are absent in `Mudstone I` of Fisher (1985) and in the upper part of the SMF in our study.Hence, the co-occurrence of Triadispora verrucata with other characteristic Carnian taxa e.g., C. secatus, Partitisporites spp., V.ignacii, A. astigmosus within the palynoflora from the SMF suggest an early Julian age (Orłowska-Zwolińska 1983Heunisch 1999;Kürschner & Herngreen 2010;Fijałkowska-Mader et al 2015). Therefore the Ladinian/Carnian boundary is located lower than the investigated interval according to the palynological results.…”

“…Identification of the taxa is based on the works of Klaus (1960), Clarke (1965, Schulz (1967), Scheuring (1970Scheuring ( , 1978, Fisher (1972), , Planderová (1972Planderová ( , 1980, Van der Eem (1983), Hochuli & Frank (2000, Mehdi et al (2009), Fijałkowska-Mader et al (2015, . Spore coloration index (SCI) values follow those of Batten (2002).…”

Quartz arenites and laterites in the Moesian Group (Upper Triassic), northwestern Bulgaria: possible evidence for the effect of the Carnian Humid Episode

“…Another Late Triassic humid phase commenced during the latest Norian and largely influenced the sedimentation pattern in some Western Tethys regions and nearby continental areas (e.g., Ciarapica, 2007;Berra et al, 2010;Haas et al, 2012;McKie, 2014;Fijałkowska-Mader, 2015). Accordingly, this significant climate change can be a possible explanation for the formation of first-cycle quartz arenites and lateritic crusts in the studied Upper Triassic sections from NW Bulgaria.…”

Keuper magnetostratigraphy in the southern Mesozoic margin of the Holy Cross Mts. (southeastern edge of the German Basin)

“…Adopt ing the palynostratigraphic data from the two bore holes, the Flora beds can be cor re lated with the Reed Sand stone (Schilfsandstein, Stuttgart Fm. ; see Szulc, 2007 andFija³kowska-Mader, 2015).…”

“…These seem to be the result of grad ual pluvialization (Szulc, 2007), which fa voured the de vel op ment of vas cu lar plants, and, as a con se quence, appear ance of the first di no saurs (Dzik et al, 2000). De tailed chronostratigraphic re search of the Pol ish Keuper was pro vided by Or³owska-Zwoliñska (1983, 1985, Marcinkiewicz et al (2014) and Fija³kowska-Mader (2015) on the ba sis of palyno -stratigraphy. Ac cord ing to these data, the Lower Gyp sum Beds and Reed Sand stone be long to the Up per Longobardian-Cordevolian longdonensis (as sem blage) Zone and Julian astigmosus (as sem blage) Zone, re spec tively, while the up per part of the Up per Gyp sum Beds be longs to the Tuvalian meyeriana a (in ter val) Subzone, up per part of the Jarkowo Beds be longs to the Alaunian-Sevatian meyeriana b (as semblage) Subzone, and the Zb¹szynek Beds be long to the Up per Norian-Lower Rhaetian in ter val from the meyeriana b Subzone to the meyeriana c (as sem blage) Subzone (Fig.…”